Research Article
Effect of Used Motor Oil and Bitumen as Additive on the
Permeability and Mechanical Properties of Low Plastic Soil
Kamran Iqbal ,
1
Chengshun Xu,
1
Hassan Nasir ,
2
Muhammad Alam ,
3
Asim Farooq ,
2
and Edward J. Williams
4
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
2
Department of Civil Engineering, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
4
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Kamran Iqbal; kamran@emails.bjut.edu.cn
Received 16 April 2020; Accepted 8 July 2020; Published 30 July 2020
Guest Editor: Zhen Leng
Copyright © 2020 Kamran Iqbal et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Stability of permeable soils near large-scale water reservoirs for paved and unpaved road pavements is all too frequently compromised
due to excessive seepage and the climatic conditions of that area. In this research, a multilevel research approach was adopted by
conducting a comparative study of the microspectroscopy through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra to investigate the
maximum absorbance correlation along with mechanical investigations (such as the compressive strength, modified proctor test,
California bearing ratio test, and swell percentage test). e native low plastic soil sample (CL) was blended with varying percentages of
petroleum additives (bitumen and used motor oil) independently at 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%. A comparison of results in the case
of bitumen and used motor oil revealed that a decrease in Atterberg’s limits occurred accompanied by an increase of bitumen blending
percentage, while used motor oil (UMO) increased the plastic limit. Maximum dry density (MDD) increases while optimum moisture
content (OMC) decreases with the increase in bitumen. Used motor oil (UMO) initially (up to 4%) increased the MDD and subsequently
decreased it. Investigative reports show that bitumen causes a decrease in swell percentage and increases California bearing ratio (CBR),
whereas UMO causes a continuous increase in percentage swell and decrease in CBR. e addition of bitumen in soil resulted in a
decrease in the coefficient of permeability (k), while UMO has a significant result of up to 4%. Regarding the control sample, spectrum
analysis through FTIR effectively supports the laboratory results as the intensity of peaks increases with the oil, and bitumen con-
centration reveals that oil and bitumen impart cementitious property to the soil. Moreover, this research work by experiment supported
and strengthened the idea of soil pavement stabilization through bitumen, which gives antiwater stability, and facilitates low-cost
construction by obtaining raw material on the spot. UMO adversely affects soil properties beyond 4% addition by weight.
1. Introduction
Considering the material quality, plus transport, economic,
and political issues, engineers sometimes must use low-
quality soil during road construction. ese low-quality soil
materials are prone to show unattractive engineering be-
havior, such as low bearing capacity, susceptibility to dif-
ferential settlement, high percentage swell, high moisture
susceptibility, and poor permeability or seepage behavior.
is type of unwanted soil behavior is generally attributed to
the nature of the soil and the fine-grained components
present in the soil material. us, fine-grained soils such as
silts and clays proved to be the most problematic materials
[1]. Stabilizing such type of local material has millions of
years of history [2]. is research attempted to improve
certain desired geotechnical properties such as shear
strength parameters (c-ϕ), permeability, CBR, and the
compaction behavior of locally available soil of Peshawar,
Pakistan, through used motor oil (UMO) and bitumen.
UMO, also known as waste crankcase oil or waste engine
oil, is a lubricating oil used in the crankcase of an internal
combustion engine [3]. is UMO is a mixture of 90%
Hindawi
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
Volume 2020, Article ID 1360197, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1360197