Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 14 (5): 703-711, 2013
ISSN 1990-9233
© IDOSI Publications, 2013
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.5.2128
Corresponding Author: Mehmet Zafer Dan , Department of Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Turkey.
703
The Historical Development of
Social Work Practice With Individual
Mehmet Zafer Dan and Amra K rbaç
1 2
Departmant of Social Work, Sakarya University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Turkey
1
Sociologist, Turkey
2
Abstract: The method of social work with individual (social case work) has emerged before social work with
group and community work methods, as a planned intervention process for the realization of professional
applications. Social work with individual method, as social work with group and community work methods came
about and developed in England and the USA. Applications of social work with individual method differed
greatly in parallel with the age’s changing psychological, socio-economic and cultural conditions in the
process. Previously, only with clients in problem areas arising from the structural and individual reasons such
as poverty, dependency and guilt, issue-oriented vocational studies were conducted. It was thought that the
problems arose from individuals and the environmental factors weren’t taken into consideration. Then, with
the changing circumstances and the diverse problems as a bio-psycho-social being, an individual is
considered to be a living being who forms interactions in the community and who are affected by these
interactions. The idea of not only the individual but also environmental factors and even the processes of
non-functional interaction between the individual and the environment caused the problems gained importance
in social services and science environment. In this study, as the oldest method of social work in the history,
social work with individual is examined under the influence of currents of thoughts and cyclical factors.
Also, from the emergence of social work as a discipline and a profession to the present day, how the social
workers who are representatives of this profession, carry out their professional activities to guide their clients
is outlined in this study.
Key words: Social work Social services Social worker Social work with individual Historical perspective
INTRODUCTION method which must be consulted in all social work
Nowadays, social workers conduct professional work-social work with group and community work.
studies to develop and change the condition of As the other methods of social work, social work with
individuals, groups and local communities composed individual uses the processes of help, problem solving
of children, the young, the old, families, people with and communication consciously. The only difference is
disabilities, women under difficult conditions, asylum that it is based on one-to-one professional relationship
seekers and migrants, patients in need of medical and and interaction with clients. It is often used in the
psychiatric help, alcoholics, drug addicts, homosexuals, diagnosis and treatment of the situation of individuals
criminals and the poor [1]. who need help. In other words, social workers benefit
As a method of social work, social work with from social work with individuals effectively to perceive
individual shares all the overall principles and values of the special circumstances in clients’ living conditions,
the social work. In practical terms, the general practice determine their needs and consequently help them in
principles of the social work guide the practices of social areas that they need [3].
work with individuals [2]. The focal point of social work with individual is
The method of social work with individual having the family members who have various relations with their
professional intervention techniques for individuals is a neighbourhood. According to this, overcoming the
activities and other professional methods of social