Indian J. Pharm. Biol. Res. 2020; 8(2):13-19
ISSN: 2320-9267
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research (IJPBR)
Journal homepage: www.ijpbr.in
INTRODUCTION
Exposure from ultraviolet (UV) to humans and the earth
as a source of life does not always have a benefcial efect,
because it can cause various losses on human skin. Skin that
is exposed to chronic ultraviolet light can cause changes in
the structure and composition of the skin epidermal skin
tissue, unable to fght the oxidative efects. The efects can
occur in acute changes such as erythema, photosensitivity,
and long-term efects such as premature aging and skin
cancer.
[1]
Not all ultraviolet light can damage human
skin tissue, depending on the range of wavelengths and
energy waves that are exposed so that damage will occur
gradually. The spectrum of UV light is divided into three,
namely UV C (200-290nm), UV B (290-320 nm), and
UVA (320-400 nm). To prevent the sun exposure, protection
is needed: it can be physical, for example, using an
umbrella, hat, or jacket while chemical protection using
appropriate sunscreen cosmetics.
The mechanism of sunscreen protection as a physical
blocker by blocking ultra-violet (UV) rays from penetrating
the skin layer by scattering light. Sunscreen is very efective
in protecting the skin from exposure to UV-A and UV-B
rays.
[2]
ABSTRACT
Efect of exposure ultraviolet light, which is bad for human skin, results in sunburn, dryness, premature aging until skin
cancer occurs. Shooting gel is a cosmetic product that is just a trend in the community, containing active ingredients with
high concentrations, making it suitable for use as a sunscreen. Previous studies of jamblang have antioxidant activity.
The purpose of this study is to obtain a stable, optimum formula for shooting jamblang fruit gel by determining the SPF
value and measuring the irritation index. Shooting jamblang fruit gel made four concentrations (60, 70, 80, and 90%)
and evaluated physical characteristics, determination of SPF values, and stability test. The data obtained were analyzed
with a diferent 95% confdence level test to fnd out a signifcant diference between the treatment groups. The results of
the research of positive jamblang fruit contain favonoid compounds, phenolic, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, and
saponins. Evaluation of physical characteristics shows that variations in concentration do not afect viscosity (p > 0.05)
but afect pH, dispersion, and adhesion (p < 0.05). SPF FI value of 5.46 (Medium); FII of 11.45 (maximum); FIII of 8.51
(maximum); FIV of 34.73 (Ultra). The Greater the concentration, the greater the SPF value. Stability Shooting jamblang
fruit gel almost all formulas there were no signifcant diferences (p > 0.05) on the evaluation of viscosity, adhesion, and
dispersion. At pH, there were signifcant diferences in all formulas (p < 0.05).
Keywords: Physical stability, Shooting gel, SPF, Sunscreen, Syzgium cumini extract.
Indian J. Pharm. Biol. Res. (2020): https://doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.8.2.3
Formulation Shooting Gel on Jamblang Fruit (Syzgium cumini) as Sunscreen
and Physical Stability
Lilies Wahyu Ariani*, Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian, Erna Prasetyaningrum
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
©2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Department of Pharmacy, STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Lilies Wahyu Ariani, Department
of Pharmacy, STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi, Indonesia, E-Mail:
lilieswahyuariani@gmail.com
How to cite this article: Ariani LW, Rahardhian MRR,
Prasetyaningrum E. Formulation Shooting Gel on Jamblang Fruit
(Syzgium cumini) as Sunscreen and Physical Stability. Indian J.
Pharm. Biol. Res. 2020;8(2): 13-19.
Source of support: Nil
Confict of interest: None.
Received: 02/03/2020 Revised: 25/04/2020 Accepted: 03/05/2020
Published: 30/06/2020
The content of UV rays in the sun is one source of free
radicals that can damage cell components. Antioxidants are
compounds that can neutralize reactive free radicals into
a relatively stable non-reactive form that can protect cells
from the harmful efects of free radicals. Antioxidants can
be obtained from natural ingredients of fruits and plants,
one of which is jamblang. In Indonesia, the jamblang tree is
one of the rare plants that have many benefts. The jamblang
fruit is one part of the jamblang plant that is suspected to