1 FROM AUTONOMY TO HEAUTONOMY: REINHOLD AND SCHILLER ON PRACTICAL SELF-DETERMINATION J. Noller Abstract: In this paper, I will shed light on Karl Leonhard Reinhold’s and Friedrich Schiller’s conceptions of practical self-determination after Kant. First, I outline Kant’s conception of freedom as autonomy. I then explain the so-called “Reinhold’s dilemma,” which concerns the problem of moral imputability in the case of evil actions, which arises from Kant’s theory of autonomy. I then show how Reinhold and Schiller tried to escape this dilemma by developing an elaborated theory of individual freedom. I will argue that Reinhold’s and Schiller’s symmetrical account of freedom to act according and against the moral law is not to be confused with freedom of indifference but can be reconstructed in terms of practical self-determination on the basis of first-order desires and second-order volitions. 1. Introduction In this paper, I will shed light on Karl Leonhard Reinhold’s and Friedrich Schiller’s practical philosophy after Kant and their historical and systematic significance. 1 Contrary to his theoretical philosophy, Reinhold’s practical philosophy and its underlying action theory and theory of freedom have been neglected in scholarship. 2 The same holds for Schiller. 3 In order to demonstrate Reinhold’s and Schiller’s significance concerning practical self-determination, I will first outline Kant’s conception of autonomy and the relation between the faculties of pure practical reason and will. I then explain the so-called “Reinhold’s dilemma,” 4 which concerns the