Universal Journal of Educational Research 7(12A): 18-26, 2019 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.071903
Pre-service Teachers' Reflection on Reflective Practices:
A Malaysian Perspective
S. Chee Choy, Joanne Sau Ching Yim, Daljeet Singh Sedhu
*
Research Centre for Educational Psychology and Instructional Strategies, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC) Perak
Branch Campus, Malaysia
Received September 3, 2019; Revised November 24, 2019; Accepted December 3, 2019
Copyright©2019 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract This study aimed to explore the use of
reflective thinking practices incorporated into classroom
teaching by pre-service teachers (PSTs). Firstly, this study
investigated the reflective thinking practices used by PSTs
to analyse their teaching strategies and approaches in the
classroom. Secondly, this study explored the ways PSTs use
reflective thinking to analyse their teaching practice. The
qualitative method employing semi-structured interviews
was used in this study. A sample of 11 female final year
PSTs enrolled in Bachelor of Education programmes in a
Malaysian university, who had just completed their
16-week teaching practicum that was selected as the
participants of this study. The data were analysed using the
interpretive approach in order to allow the PSTs to voice
their reflective thinking experiences. Analysis of the data
yielded seven categories: Opportunities to reflect,
Expression of feelings, Teaching awareness, Lifelong
learning, Self-confidence, Self-assessment, and Self-belief.
Overall, the findings of this study indicated positive
perceptions by the PSTs about using reflective practices to
help them teach. However, the findings also showed that the
reflection carried out by the PSTs favoured the technical
and practical levels rather than being able to critically
analyse their own teaching process. The results also
indicated that the PSTs were not open to negative feedback
given by students, as they were looking more towards the
popularity factor and acceptance from students than
learning from the experience as a whole. A major
implication of the present study was that Malaysian PSTs
may not know how to effectively use reflective thinking to
help them improve their teaching skills at the same time
cultivate critical thinking. They seemed to focus more on
being evaluated well by their mentors than the learning that
occurred during their lessons.
Keywords Reflective Practices, Reflective Thinking,
Pre-service Teachers
1. Introduction
Developing pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) ability to carry
out critical and deep thinking has been the essential goal for
learning and transformation in the Malaysian education
system as stated in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (MEB)
(Ministry of Education Malaysia, 2013). Felton and Kuhn
(2007) further note that critical thinking, which is the process
of analysing and evaluating something in order to form a
judgement, requires considerable effort and students will
engage in the cognitively complex process only if they
reflect on it and perceive it is worth the effort. Hence, the
function of reflective thinking is to make meaning and
formulate relationships between learning experiences and
create continuities which Rodgers, (2002) notes is an
important step to the process of critical thinking.
A critical point Dewey (1963) noted is that once students
direct their attention to learn and perceive a fact, it is often
limited by the context they are in and this is especially true in
a classroom setting. The role of the teacher is to step in to
stimulate reflection of the fact and to perceive more rather
than less. Hence, it is crucial for teachers to have the skills to
carry out reflective thinking themselves and eventually
become a model demonstrating the process of such thinking.
However, this is not the case as research has shown that
teachers themselves often do not know how to be reflective
or demonstrate reflective thinking (Black, 2005; Choy &
Cheah, 2009; Choy & Oo, 2012; DeWitt, Alias & Siraj,
2016).
According to DeWitt et al. (2016) critical thinking skills
have been incorporated into the Malaysian school syllabus
since 1994 and teachers have been trained in strategies to
teach critical thinking during their pre-service courses using
the infusion approach where every teacher is required to use
teaching-learning methods and techniques which will
stimulate, encourage, and develop the thinking abilities of
students (Kuldas, Hashim & Ismail, 2015). DeWitt et al
(2016) further noted that Malaysian teachers tended to teach
facts, implying surface learning rather than incorporate the
CITE THIS PAPER
[1] S. Chee Choy , Joanne Sau Ching Yim , Daljeet Singh Sedhu , "Pre-service Teachers' Reflection on Reflective Practices: A Malaysian
Perspective," Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 7, No. 12A, pp. 18 - 26, 2019. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.071903.