Universal Journal of Educational Research 7(10): 2037-2044, 2019 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.071001
Predicting Student's STEM Subject Performance by
Using the Malay Version of S-STEM
Liew-Kee Kor
*
, Shahida Farhan Zakaria
Faculty of Computer & Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Kedah, Malaysia
Received July 1, 2019; Revised August 28, 2019; Accepted September 15, 2019
Copyright©2019 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract The study employed the Malay version of
Student Attitude towards STEM (S-STEM) to predict
STEM subject performance. The original S-STEM was
translated from English to the Malay language and tested
on a sample of 144 first year undergraduates. The
instrument consisted of four constructs on attitudes:
mathematics, science, engineering/technology, and 21st
century skills. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the
four factors contributed 53.2% to the explained variance.
Structural Equation Modelling was employed to test the
measurement and structural model. Item loadings below
0.6 were removed from the instrument. Results show that
all constructs fulfilled most of the reliability criteria. Fit
indices presented CFI = 0.925 and RMSEA= 0.069 which
abide the rule of thumb with GFI = 0.836, AGFI = 0.789,
NFI = 0.837 readings near the level of acceptance. When
the Malay version of S-STEM was administered on 111
students in the following year, result shows that
mathematics attitudes was the best factor to predict STEM
subject performance followed by science attitudes, and
then the 21st century skill. Impact of
engineering/technology was not statistically significant at
p <.05. Future researchers are encouraged to employ the
Malay version S-STEM on other STEM subjects to
generate more conclusive results.
Keywords STEM, Mathematics, Structural Equation
Modelling
1. Introduction
STEM is more than just an acronym for Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. It is an
approach to learning and development that integrates the
areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics
[1]. STEM education is essential for developing a highly
skilled and adaptable workforce that is capable of meeting
productivity demands and changing technologies in the
globalized world [2]. Concern for improving STEM
education in many nations continues to grow as demand for
STEM skills to meet economic challenges is becoming
more acute [3, 4].
Continual advances in technology has indeed gradually
replacing manual labour with automation and creating new
jobs that require technological skills each day. As
technology advances, it also changes the way students
learn, connect and interact every day. The Department of
Education [1] in Western Australia predicted that in
coming years approximately 75 percent of all new jobs will
require qualifications and skills in the areas of science,
technology, engineering and mathematics. Per se,
employer’s demand for STEM qualifications and skills will
continue to increase in the future.
Although STEM education has been contemplated
worldwide, numerous educational studies have indicated a
common global phenomenon that is students’ interest and
motivation towards STEM learning has declined especially
in the western countries and in more prosperous Asian
nations [4]. Wang [5] pointed out that while global demand
for students to enter postsecondary STEM fields is
increasing, students’ interest and readiness in pursuing
STEM majors are not encouraging. A good example is
found in the developed country like the United States who
is currently facing a shortage of STEM majors and
graduates [6].
2. Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study in this paper was to generate and
employ a Malay version of STEM questionnaire to predict
students’ performance in the STEM subject. The objectives
of the study were:
1) To translate the existing S-STEM questionnaire [7]
from English to Malay language;
2) To validate the new Malay version of S-STEM; and
3) To identify the factors (i.e. mathematics, science,
engineering/technology, and 21
st
century skill) that
CITE THIS PAPER
[1] Liew-Kee Kor , Shahida Farhan Zakaria , "Predicting Student's STEM Subject Performance by Using the Malay Version of S-
STEM," Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 7, No. 10, pp. 2037 - 2044, 2019. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.071001.