The KZ‑syndrome and its evoluton through the generatons Zdzisław J. Ryn F rom the psychiatric perspective, direct contact with survivors of Nazi Ger - man concentration camps is an extraordinary experience. Its emotional as- pect is conditioned by two factors: the cruelty of the conditions of camp existence that constitute the essence of the stress experienced there, and the per - manent trauma the camp has left in their psyche. Those who come into contact with survivors, and the survivors themselves, ob- serve that they are “different” psychologically and mentally. “That otherness,” Antoni Kępiński wrote, “comes to light as soon as they start talking about the camp. They are unable to break free from its environment; in it there are terrible things, but beautiful things as well, the rock bottom of human humiliation but also human goodness and nobility; they have learnt what Man is; despite this, or maybe because of it, they are still perplexed by the riddle of human- ity… Sometimes they are a riddle to themselves, at any rate, they have a stronger About the author: Zdzisław Jan Ryn is Professor of the Chair of Psychiatry at the Jagiellonian Uni- versity Medical College and of the Chair of Clinical Rehabilitation at the University of Physical Education in Kraków. A former Vice Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the Kraków Academy of Medicine (1981–1984) and Head of the Department of Social Pathology in the Chair of Psychiatry at the Jagiellonian University Medical College (1984–2009), he is one of the prominent Polish researchers into concentration camp pathology. Member of the editorial team of the scientifc annual Przegląd Lekarski – Oświęcim and consultant of the Medical Review Auschwitz project.