CHAPTER 5 URBAN CRISIS WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL POLICIES IN ITALY: THE CASE OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY IN TARANTO Mara Maretti ABSTRACT Purpose À The chapter aims at representing the results of a case study with concern to the economic and environmental crisis triggered by Ilva in Taranto. Design/methodology/approach À The case study design follows an ethnographic approach. The analysis is based on the collection of some qualitative interviews and documentation related to the environmental conflict engendered by the Ilva of Taranto, which has been the largest steel mill in Europe since the 1990s. Findings À The analysis of the empirical data shows some interesting insights about (a) the growing contradictions in time of crisis in the rela- tionship between the ‘the four pillars’ of sustainability (economy, social From Sustainable to Resilient Cities: Global Concerns and Urban Efforts Research in Urban Sociology, Volume 14, 103À124 Copyright r 2014 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1047-0042/doi:10.1108/S1047-004220140000014005 103