International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 04 | Apr 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2208 Design and Development of Electrical Powertrain of ATV Yogendra Kumar 1 , Simranjeet Kaur 2 , Tejpratap Singh 3 , Chudamani Sahu 4 , Anjali Soni 5 , Rahul Prasad 6 1,2,3,4,5,6 UG scholar, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New Government Engineering College Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Air pollution has become a major concern in the recent years and a dominant area contributing to air pollution is automobile industry. It is known that petrol and diesel vehicles are not a part of foreseeable future and electric/hybrid vehicles provide a promising solution to the above problem. The design competition of eBAJA SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) INDIA represent students a challenge to design, engineer, test and promote an electrical driven ATV (All-terrain vehicle) within the constrain of the rules of SAE India. Mathematical study, designing and analysis of the system is done in accordance to the national ATV design competition organized by BAJA SAE India 2019. Considering off road conditions, various test conditions are incorporated which are: different impact tests, brake test, acceleration and traction test to get the design parameters, around which designing is done by the team for the ruggedness over rough terrain with reliable and robust performance in a cost effective manner. Key Words: Tractive effort, All Terrain Vehicle, Hall Effect, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), DC-DC converter 1. INTRODUCTION Electric vehicles are growing in popularity as they prove to be cleaner and more energy efficient in comparison to the conventional vehicles. EVs provide 75% efficiency in turning the input energy to kinetic energy whereas gas powered vehicles are only 25% efficient. This project aims at the design, analysis and optimization of an electric ATV. ATV which is the acronym for All Terrain Vehicle, is capable to run in all types of non-motorable rough terrains having obstacles like rocks, sand, mud, steep inclines, and shallow water. The vehicle must be able to sustain all the loads that are generally encountered in an off-road scenario both static and dynamic and should possess enough traction to overcome resistance encountered in the off-road scenario. The dynamic stability and ride throughout the uneven rough terrain is also a major consideration for the design of an ATV. 1.1 POWERTRAIN The power train of ATV which includes BLDC motor, controller, battery and transmission, is a vital part of the vehicle; it is such selected and designed that it provides the required tractive effort as well as acceleration under restricted speed conditions. Given specified rated BLDC motor should not exceeds of 6KW,together with of battery 48V,110 Ah Li-ion battery (as per the rules of competition), space constraints and the various conditions of terrain type, a suitable transmission system is selected its parameters are designed, which is largely responsible for major vehicle performance parameters Fig -1: Block diagram of electrical powertrain 2. STUDY OF MOTOR The speed and torque characteristics of brushless DC motors are very similar to a shunt wound "brushed" (field energized) DC motor with constant excitation. As with brushed motors the rotating magnets passing the stator poles create a back EMF in the stator windings. When the motor is fed with a three phase stepped waveform with positive and negative going pulses of 120 degrees duration, the back EMF or flux wave will be trapezoidal in shape. 2.1 Synchronous Operation Brushless DC motors are not strictly DC motors. They use a pulsed DC fed to the stator field windings to create a rotating magnetic field and they operate at synchronous speed. Although they don't use mechanical commutators they do however need electronic commutation to provide the rotating field which adds somewhat to their complexity. 2.2 Rotating Field and Speed Control In the diagram below, pole pair A is first fed with a DC pulse which magnetizes pole A1 as a South Pole and A2 as a north pole drawing the magnet into its initial position. As the magnet passes the first magnetized pole pair, in this case poles A1 and A2, the current to pole pair A is switched off and the next pole pair B is fed with a similar DC pulse