International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 370 Vol.7; Issue: 6; June 2017 International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Case Study A Case Study: DNA Analysis - a Key to Save Innocent in Rape Case Vaishali B. Mahajan 1 , Amulya A. Pande 2 , Kewalram R. Gorle 3 , Manoj R. Bhandarkar 3 , Laxmikant B. Rewatkar 4 1 Assistant Chemical Analyser, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Government of Maharashtra, Home Department, Dindori Road, Nashik - 440002, Maharashtra, India 2 Assistant Chemical Analyser, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Government of Maharashtra, Home Department, Irwin Chowk, Amravati - 444602, Maharashtra, India 3 Assistant Director, 4 Deputy Director, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Government of Maharashtra, Home Department, Dhantoli, Nagpur – 440012, Maharashtra, India Corresponding Author: Vaishali B. Mahajan ABSTRACT The maternal uncle was falsely implicated by a victim aged 16 in the crime of rape under section 376 of Indian Penal Code after detection of pregnancy during regular medical check-up at government shelter home. He was saved from being punished for the crime which was not at all committed by him only with the help of mismatch of his DNA paternity with the aborted fetus of victim. DNA paternity test had given new direction to case and in further investigation the real accuse who was her brother- in-law found matched paternity with aborted fetus. It was the DNA test that brought relief to suspect who was falsely implicated by victim to save her sister‟s family life. The charge of 376 shifted to real accuse i.e. brother-in-law of Victim. Hon‟ble court sentenced him rigorous imprisonment for seven years and fined him Rs.2000/- for raping a minor on the basis of DNA paternity test report. Key words:- DNA Profiling, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Short Tandem Repeats. INTRODUCTION DNA profiling was first developed and used in 1984 by Dr. Alec Jaffreys [1,3-6] while working in Department of Genetics at University of Leicester. [7] It is used for parentage testing and criminal investigation to identify person or to connect a person with crime. [2] The first method used for DNA profiling was RFLP analysis which involved detection of variable number of tandem repeats. These VNTRs vary in length among different individuals. In 1983 Kary Mullis developed a PCR technique in which specific portions of DNA sample can be amplified. Today, the system of DNA profiling used is based on PCR and it used Short Tandem Repeats which are simple sequences commonly 4 bases repeats. [9-11] Another STR‟s can also be use in which 3 and 5 bases are repeated. [8] These STR fragments separated and detected using capillary electrophoresis. This technique compares strands of genetic material between the child and alleged father. Comparing strands from various locations of the genetic material allows accuracy rating of 99.9%. [12] DNA typing allows an alleged father to be excluded with 100% certainty. [13] This technique not only helps to prove guilt of accused but his innocence too. In the instant case, victim being orphan, while staying in Government shelter home at Nagpur, during regular medical