International Journal of Educational Research and Policy Making (IJERPM), Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2020
413
International Journal of Educational Research and Policy Making
DOI: 10.13140/ijerpm.03.01.413
ISSN (P): 2695-2351 - Vol. 3, Issue 1, September 2020
Copyright © IJERPM 2020
ADVOCACY STRATEGY AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN
BASIC SCHOOLS IN NORTH-WEST ZONE, NIGERIA
Kwashabawa, B. B.
Department of Educational Foundations, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
Accepted: July 26, 2020
Abstract: This study examined the advocacy strategy in relation to community
participation in decision-making in basic schools in North-West zone, Nigeria. Two
research questions and a hypothesis guided the study. The research design used for the
study was correlational survey with a population of 21,230 Universal Basic Education
(UBE) schools and their School-Based Management Committees (SBMCs) in the North-
west Zone. A sample of 370 basic schools was selected from four states using
proportionate stratified and systematic sampling procedures. A validated questionnaire
with a reliability index of 0.79, entitled ‘Advocacy and Community Participation
Questionnaire’ (ACPQ) was used in collecting the data. The data collected for this study
was analyzed using percentages and mean for the research questions and Pearson
Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for testing the hypothesis. The study found
that, advocacy strategy was moderately effective in North-west Zone basic schools, and
that, there was no significant relationship between advocacy strategy and community
participation in decision-making in the basic schools. Meaning that, advocacy strategy
was not a predictor of community participation in decision-making in basic schools. The
researcher recommended that administrators should improve on their advocacy strategy
utilizing their existing SBMCs so that community can be mobilized to fully participate
in school decision-making.
Keywords: Advocacy Strategy, Basic School, Community Participation, Decision-
Making
Introduction
An advocate is one that encourages or promotes the interests of others, just like
a teacher working to engage students in a positive, learning-focused classroom
community. Advocacy can be done by a wide range of techniques including teaching,
campaigning, demonstrations, launching petitions and mobilising others to take a
positive action. Advocacy is an interactive, proactive and consultative process of
creating awareness and support of community members on a desired change over a
period of time (Akinsolu & Onibon 2008). Advocacy is defined by Kotzer and Margalit
(2007) as the ability to speak on one’s behalf and represent personal needs and interests.
It involves understanding one’s learning strengths and developing the ability to
communicate learning needs and required accommodations (Merchant & Gajar, 1997).
A successful advocacy approach is one that is integrated, planned and influential (Black,
2002). While strategy is one of the most used words in school organizations. Johnson,
Scholes and Whittington (2005) define strategy as the direction and scope of school
organization over the long-term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment
through its configuration of resources with the aim of fulfilling stakeholders’
expectations. To them, it is a method or plan chosen to bring about a desired future such
as achievement of goal through the provision of solution to a particular problem. It is the