Integrated Intelligent Research(IIR) International Journal of Communication and Networking System Volume: 03 Issue: 02 June 2014,Pages No.75-79 ISSN: 2278-2427 75 Network Life Time Prolonged Routing by Distributed Load Balancing T.Parameswaran, C.Palanisamy, C . Maria Nancy Abstract – Energy aware routing algorithms called Reliable Minimum Energy Cost Routing and Reliable Minimum Energy Routing (RMER) are proposed for wireless adhoc networks. RMECR defines the requirements of adhoc networks like energy-efficiency, reliability, reliability and prolonging the network lifetime. It consider energy consumption and the remaining battery energy of the nodes. RMER finds routes minimizing the total energy required for end to end packet traversal. RMECR and RMER both ensure reliability using hop by hop or end to end packet retransmission. Energy consumed by processing elements of transceivers, limited no of transmission allowed per packet, packet size, the impact of acknowledgement packet are considered in wireless adhoc network. We use an approximation algorithm for minimizing the network congestion. Index Terms - Energy-aware routing, battery-aware routing, end-to- end and hop-by-hop retransmission, reliability, wireless ad hoc network. I. INTRODUCTION The adhoc network have come into existence in order to overcome the limitations of wired network and infrastructure based network. The main advantage for using adhoc networks are that there is no need to install base stations and they are temporary set up. Adhoc networks are well suited to free unlicensed spectrum. It supports inherent scalability with power control and cooperative relaying in which each user contributes of the capacity of network. There is no need of Access Point for communication of data. Each node can forwards the packet in the network because there is no central control head. The node has limited battery power so it is very important to use their energy very efficiently. In order to save power the physical layer transmit power according to the distance between the nodes. The main purpose of energy routing protocol is to maximize the network lifetime. The value of average power can be acquired by control packet. Routes are discovered considering the energy consumed for end-to-end (E2E) packet traversal. In order to ensure reliability of links we should choose a path which contains higher battery power of the node otherwise consider the residual energy of the node. Quality of service can be increased by finding reliable routes. The residual energy of the node is found to denote whether that node can be used for transmission or not. Although different algorithm are proposed for aiming reliability, energy-efficiency and to increase the lifetime of the networks (e.g., [3], [9], [12]).This does not ensure quality of links to the maximum level because if reliable path is chosen for transmission of data in wireless networks leads to overusing of same node. Generally energy efficient routing is very effective mechanism for reducing energy cost in adhoc networks. II. RELATED WORKS There have been many algorithm proposed considering the reliability of nodes for eg Expected transmission count ETX is calculated to find reliable route which consists of links acquiring less number of retransmission. This method do not minimize the energy consumption for E2E data traversal. Considering higher priority of nodes leads to overusing of same nodes so soon it gets expires for eg consider a node which is near to the destination, a node which is close to the destination will be frequently used to forward the packet on behalf of other nodes so soon this node will fall quickly.The next category includes algorithm that finds energy-efficient routes. Some of the algorithm addresses energy-efficiency and reliability but they do not consider the remaining battery powder of the nodes to avoid overuse of nodes (eg,[2],[10],[11]). Energy efficient algorithm proposed have a disadvantage to discover energy efficient route, they do not consider the actual energy consumption of the nodes (eg, [6],[7]). They consider only the output power of the amplifier neglecting the energy consumed by processing elements of transmitter and receivers (eg [1],[4]). Many algorithms have been proposed by finding routes consisting of nodes with a higher level of battery power inorder to extend the network lifetime (eg [5],[8]) .The major drawback is that they do not concentrate on reliability and energy-efficiency. The routes discovered by these algorithm is neither reliable nor energy efficient path leads to more energy consumption. III. PROPOSED WORK In our work we combine the energy efficiency, reliability and prolonging the network lifetime for packet traversal in wireless adhoc networks. Reliable minimum energy cost routing (RMECR) consider the energy consumption and the remaining battery energy of the nodes. Reliable minimum energy routing (RMER) find routes minimizing the total energy required for end to end packet traversal. Both these algorithm ensure reliability using hop by hop or end to end transmission. MAC layer support HBH retransmission to increase reliability. We address three important problem of energy efficiency. 1) Limited no of transmission on energy cost of the routes. The retransmission occurs after the expiration timer. Duration of the time is long enough to prevent unnecessary retransmission. 2) Considering the impact of acknowledgement packet on energy cost of routes. In HBH system, a lost packet is retransmitted by the sender to ensure link level reliability and acknowledgement is transmitted by the receiver to the sender. If sender does not receive the ACK either due to packet or its ACK lost or corrupted, the sender retransmit the packet. This is allowed till maximum no of transmission attempt is reached. 3) Considering the energy consumption of processing elements. In this work we consider the energy consumed by the transmission circuit and energy consumed by the power amplifier for data transmission over the air.