International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 30 River Pollution: A Case Study of Panchaganga River Ms. Pooja S. Devkar 1 , Prof. D. B. Desai 2 1 UG Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Dr. J. J. Magdum College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 2 Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Dr. J. J. Magdum College of engineering, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Water pollution is the major problem in the world. River water is generally polluted due to urbanization, industrialization and many more activities. Panchganga River is one of the most polluted river in Maharashtra (India) which originates at Prayag Sangam at Kolhapur and flows through border of Kolhapur. There are two big cities on the bank of river viz Kolhapur and Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporations. There are number of sugar industries, textile industries, sizing industries & many more types on the bank of this river. These all are responsible for pollution and therefore this river is now source of various waterborne diseases and being hazardous with increasing pollution. The attempt is made to analyze and discuss the causes, effects and corrective measures which can be exercised to control the pollution of Panchganga River. It will then minimize the sources of many problems and can provide healthy environment for all people, animal and aquatic life. Key Words: River, Pollution, Sugar Industry, Sizing Industry, Textile Industry, Irrigation, Aquatic. 1. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a significant issue since it is a moderately ongoing improvement in the planet's history. Before the nineteenth century Industrial evolution, individuals lived more in unity with their immediate environment. As industrialization has spread in immense quantity, the issue of pollution has spread with it. Water is normally referred to as contaminated when it is hindered by anthropogenic contaminants. Because of these contaminants it either doesn't useful for a human use, for example, drinking water, or experiences a stamped move in its capacity to help its biotic networks, for example, fish. Water is one of the inexhaustible assets basic for continuing all types of life, nourishment creation, financial advancement, and for general prosperity. It is difficult to fill in for the vast majority of its uses, hard to de-polluted, costly to transport, and it is really a unique gift to humankind from nature. But because of expanding water pollution by and large from the waterway which is coming about on natural, human, and biological elements that must be considered for a solid and healthy lifestyle of people just as condition. The Panchganga River moves through the border of Kolhapur. It originates from Prayag Sangam (Town: Chikhli, Taluka: Karveer, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra). The Panchganga River has four tributaries which are Kumbhi, Kasari, Tulsi and Bhogawati. The release of the effluents and industrial waste from the nearby industries has resulted into the pollution of the Panchganga River which has turned the water green, primarily near Ichalkaranji where there are numerous textile and seizing Industries which are releasing their effluents without treatment. Eichhornia crassipes has developed on the river close by Ichalkaranji. Very little endeavors were taken by the neighbourhood Government Bodies to control its development. In a rainstorm the water level ascents, and clean out and seen no place until November, in December it begins to develop again, and by April the river is secured by it. Some salient features of Panchganga River are given below. Sr.No. Description Quantity 1. East-West Length of River 108 Km 2. North-South Length of River 67 Km 3. Total Area 2730.40 sq. m. 4. Average width 110 m 5. Average Minimum Depth 3 m 6. Average Maximum Depth 14 m 7. Average Rainfall 2501.9 mm 8. Average Min. Temperature 28℃ to 1.2℃ 9. Average Max. Temperature 14℃ to 22℃ 2. CAUSES There are two big cities on the bank of this river- Kolhapur and Ichalkaranji. It will be easy for both the cities to take the water from the Panchaganga River for their use. But as the water is polluted they are taking the water from other sources where clean water is available. Kolhapur is taking the water from Kalammawadi Dam Reservoir and Ichalkaranji from Krishna River. The waste water generated from these cities is then disposed in the Panchaganga River. Due to which pollution is increased to higher level. Government can sanction the funds for water supply projects for these Corporations and they can take the water from clean source for the people living in cities. But the waste water from these cities is not treated properly before its disposal. On downstream side of these cities, the villages which are depending on this river only are consuming this polluted water. Generally Government is not sanctioning the heavy funds for villages to take the water from clean source. There are many factors which are responsible for the current condition of Panchganga River. Industrialization near the rivers especially sugar industries, textile and sizing industries