Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 6(5): 165-172, 2018 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2018.060504
Status of Greenhouse Farming in the Coastal
Humid Climatic Region of Kenya
Sanzua L. J
*
, Saha H. M, Mwafaida J
Pwani University, P.O. Box 195-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
Copyright©2018 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract The performance of greenhouses in the
humid coastal region of Kenya has consistently been poor
despite the huge market potential that exist for fresh farm
produce. A study was conducted to establish the extent of
greenhouse technology uptake and distribution pattern in
the region with a view to establish production status and
challenges faced by greenhouse farmers. A survey was
conducted in Kwale, Kilifi and Mombasa counties between
July and August 2015. Data was collected through
semi-structured questionnaires, random interviews and
observation using purposive sampling method. The study
established that 69% and 100% of the greenhouses
surveyed in Kwale and Mombasa Counties respectively
were owned by institutions and farmer groups. In Kilifi
County however, more individuals own greenhouses with
over 60% of the greenhouses owned by two farmers who
produce for export. There was marked variation on the
spatial distribution of greenhouses in the three counties
with the relative area under greenhouse in the region
averaging 0.0003%. Most of the installed greenhouses in
the region had been abandoned. The rate of failure was
highest in Kwale County where only 30% of those
surveyed were operational. In Kilifi and Mombasa
Counties however, 70% of the existing greenhouses were
operational. Greenhouse farming in the coastal humid
region faced several challenges including low productivity
averaging 10% of the potential; political interference, lack
of technical know-how, lack of adequate water sources and
in certain instances low water quality usage for production.
These challenges largely contributed to the poor adoption
of the greenhouse technology in the region under
study. With increased technical support, greenhouses
can be a more viable economic booster especially in
the urban and non-traditional agricultural areas.
Keywords Greenhouse Technology, Relative
Humidity, Ventilation, Agricultural Productivity
1. Introduction
Greenhouse farming is a technology that is widely used
in Europe to promote efforts to achieve food security. It has
spread to other continents such as the Americas, Asia and
India including Africa though in a much smaller scale. In
Kenya, greenhouses have been used commercially to
produce cut-flowers for export. The scenario is slowly
changing with small scale farmers adopting it to grow high
value food crops such as tomatoes, strawberries and
melons among other crops. Despite this positive trend,
greenhouse farming is not vibrant in the hot humid tropical
climate region of Kenya. Excess temperature, solar
radiation, and high vapor pressure deficit are major
greenhouse concerns. These extreme conditions increase
plant stress and decrease crop productivity and fruit quality
[1]. Humidity affects growth, pollination and flower
setting [2]. Other Studies have shown that, for greenhouse
crops, high levels of humidity can lead to yield losses
(Jolliet et al. [3]. Humidity affects growth of greenhouse
crops mainly through its impact on leaf size and light
interception [4]. According to [5], relative humidity in the
greenhouse can be regulated by fog system [6]. Under cool
temperatures and low daylight, humidity levels rise within
the greenhouse and fungal infections can occur. It is
preferred that the greenhouse is kept well ventilated and
dry during such conditions. Lack of access to technical
knowhow in greenhouse management has contributed to a
large extent in the reduced rate of uptake of greenhouse
technology by small scale farmers [7]. An evaluation study
carried out in western Kenya revealed that poor
management of greenhouse environment resulted to tomato
crops performing at 20% of the optimal. Continued lack of
access to technical services on the technology led to 60%
of farmers in Kisumu County to abandon the technology
[7]. This present study sought to establish the status of
greenhouse farming in the hot coastal humid region of
Kenya with specific interest to establish the level of
technology adoption, performance of installed greenhouses
and challenges faced by greenhouse farmers in the region.
CITE THIS PAPER
[1] Sanzua L. J , Saha H. M , Mwafaida J , "Status of Greenhouse Farming in the Coastal Humid Climatic Region of Kenya,"
Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 165 - 172, 2018. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2018.060504.