Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 7(1): 63-68, 2019 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2019.070106 Effects of Garlic Oils on the Fecundity and Hatchability of Callosobruchus maculatus L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Hayat Mohmed Ahmed 1 , Azhari Omer Abdelbagi 2 , Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag 2,* , Ahmed Mohammed Ali Hammad 2 1 Plant Protection Directorate, Khartoum North, Sudan 2 Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan Copyright©2019 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the three types of garlic oils; Sudanese, Chinese and Egyptian on the eggs of cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Volatile oils from Sudanese and Chinese garlic were obtained by steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction using ethanol correspondingly, whereas Egyptian garlic oil was bought as a ready-made product. The oils were tested at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%, at exposure periods ranging from 24-72 hrs. Respective average number of eggs laid after exposure to the lowest concentration of Sudanese, Chinese and Egyptian oils were; 5.4, 4.0, 4.1 after 24 hrs; 0.7, 0.1, 0.1 after 48 hrs 0.2, 0.5, 0.5 after 72 hrs. The oils from the three garlic cultivars significantly reduced number of eggs laid with the highest dose (10%) caused complete inhibition of egg laying. Average number of eggs hatched when exposed to the lowest concentration (0.01%) were; 0.25 after one day and 1.00 after 7 days of exposure to Sudanese oil vapours, 0.00 after one day and 0.75 after 7 days of exposure to Chinese oil vapour and 0.00 after one day and 0.75 after 7 days of exposure to Egyptian oil vapour. Keywords Garlic Oils, Eggs of Callosobruchus maculatus, Hatchability, Inhibition 1. Introduction Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] is an important crop for many subsistence farmers in tropical areas, especially in Africa. Henriet et al. [1] reported the existence of up to 43 crop mixtures in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria with millet–cowpea mixture being predominant, representing 22% of the fields sampled. Cowpea is susceptible to many insect pests in the field [2]. To protect the beans against the store pests C. maculatus, many methods can be used. Traditionally the beans are mixed or covered with materials that are locally available. Recently, methods such as storage in airtight plastic or steel containers, application of chemical insecticides, gamma irradiation, freezing the beans; can be used as additional alternatives. Garlic Allium sativum L. is widely used as a spice for human food throughout the world which indicates its high safety margin to mammals. Moreover, garlic was also reported to have medicinal, antibacterial activity, antihelminthic, antiprotozoal properties [3], hypoglycemic action [4] and hypoledomic effects [5]. Garlic volatile oil had been shown to have insecticidal, repellent, antifeedant, antibacterial, nematicidal and acaricidal properties [4-7]. In the Sudan, Ahmed [8] reported the efficacy of garlic oil to control store insect pests. Abdallah [9-10] evaluated the action of garlic volatile oils against major store pests and insecticidal properties of volatile oil from local garlic cultivar with promising results. Khirallah [11] evaluated the efficacy of oil extract from Chinese garlic cultivar against two major bruchids. Taha [12] reported the efficacy of Egyptian garlic oil against the same pests. El-sonoussy [13] investigated the ovicidal and anti-oviposition properties of volatile oils obtained from (Sudanese, Chinese and Egyptian) garlic against B. incarnates with promising results. This study was initiated to cast light on the efficacy of volatile oils from (Sudanese, Egyptian and Chinese) garlic on control of the cowpea beetle C. maculatus (L.). 2. Materials and Methods Experimental Insects Callosobruchus maculatus infested cowpea seeds were collected from Omdurman and Khartoum markets. The culture was brought to the laboratory of the Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of agriculture U. of K. Culture was sieved by mesh No. 5 to remove adult insects. Adults were reared in glass jars, with a capacity of 3 kg, more than half filled with sound grain of cowpea, local varieties Black eye, then covered with a muslin cloth, fixed with rubber CITE THIS PAPER [1] Hayat Mohmed Ahmed , Azhari Omer Abdelbagi , Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag , Ahmed Mohammed Ali Hammad , "Effects of Garlic Oils on the Fecundity and Hatchability of Callosobruchus maculatus L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)," Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 63 - 68, 2019. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2019.070106.