Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 8(1): 1-10, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2020.080101 A Review of the Political Economy of Agriculture in Uganda: Women, Property Rights, and Other Challenges Dastan Bamwesigye 1,3,* , Azdren Doli 1,3 , Kyom Jonathan Adamu 2,3 , Sheku Kemoh Mansaray 3 1 Department of Forest and Wood Products Economics and Policy, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic 2 Department of Landscape Management, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic 3 Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic Received July 26, 2019; Revised August 19, 2019; Accepted October 20, 2019 Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract In Uganda, agriculture remains the backbone of the economy, like in the rest of African countries. The current literature review explores agriculture situations in Uganda while focusing on the role of women, land ownership, and the current policy framework. The authors sought to illustrate some of the core challenges in agriculture and how their impact on agricultural output. The researchers explored various developments in Uganda, such as employment, the role of women, and challenges faced, especially in the aspect related to policy framework as compared to other developing countries such as Ghana, Rwanda, and South Africa. Agricultural production in Uganda is largely dominated by smallholders’ farmers, especially those with less than five hectares. These farmers produce a wide range of crops for both consumption and commercial purpose. Challenges such as lack of or limited access to finance, limited access to land, and price fluctuation are discussed. The researchers revealed that there is limited use of agricultural technologies by the farmers. Keywords Agriculture, Challenges, Economy, Employment, Financing, Land, Policy Framework, Smallholder Farmers, Women 1. Introduction Most African economies are thought to highly dependent on Agriculture for Gross Domestic Product earnings as well as food security [1-5]. Agriculture continues to be the core sector in the economic development of Uganda [1]. It is also highlighted that agriculture is essential when it comes to sustainable development as well as poverty reduction in developing countries [6]. In this case, it is not surprising that agricultural production, especially by small-scale farmers in developing countries contributes to the sustainability of food security in both rural and urban population. However, it is worth mentioning that most of the small-scale farmers in developing countries such as Uganda face many challenges related to land, financial support, limited use of technology, and price fluctuation to mention but a few [7-9]. Nonetheless, a wide range of research indicates that agriculture is still considered to be a powerful means in a bid to achieve inclusive development in Uganda [10 -12]. Research shows that more than 60% of Ugandans are engaged in agriculture [6]. In fact, the sector has always been given priority in the national development plan. Some of the traditional cash crops common in Uganda include coffee, cocoa, and tea to mention but a few [13]. Additionally, other crops include maize, horticulture produce, beans, and soya beans. In the study conducted by Bamwesigye & Pomazalova [1], they highlighted that Uganda is among the leading coffee producers and exporters across the globe. They add that coffee earns an average of more than 60% of agriculture annual export revenue in the country. Several scholars report that the success of agriculture sector in Uganda depends on several factors, and some of the factors are within the sector while others are general connected to the economy of the country [6]. With the aim of getting to the core of the current situation on agriculture in Uganda, the paper explores various aspects such as employment in agriculture, women in agriculture, challenges, current policy framework, strength and weaknesses are analysed and discussed. CITE THIS PAPER [1] Dastan Bamwesigye , Azdren Doli , Kyom Jonathan Adamu , Sheku Kemoh Mansaray , "A Review of the Political Economy of Agriculture in Uganda: Women, Property Rights, and Other Challenges," Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 1 - 10, 2020. DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2020.080101.