Developing IoT Based Smart Health Monitoring Systems: A Review Ashikur Rahaman, Md. Milon Islam * , Md. Rashedul Islam, Muhammad Sheikh Sadi, Sheikh Nooruddin Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh Corresponding Author Email: milonislam@cse.kuet.ac.bd https://doi.org/10.18280/ria.330605 ABSTRACT Received: 23 September 2019 Accepted: 2 December 2019 Internet of Things (IoT) based smart health monitoring system is a patient monitoring system in which a patient can be monitored 24 hours. In the present world, IoT is changing the infrastructure of technologies. By facilitating effortless interaction among various modules, IoT has enabled us to implement various complex systems such as smart home appliances, smart traffic control systems, smart office systems, smart environment, smart vehicles and smart temperature control systems and so on in very little space. Health monitoring systems are one of the most notable applications of IoT. Many types of designs and patterns have already been implemented to monitor a patient’s health condition through IoT. In this paper, a review of IoT based smart health monitoring systems is presented. The latest innovative technologies developed for IoT based smart health monitoring system with their merits and demerits have been discussed. This review aims to highlight the common design and implementation patterns of intelligent IoT based smart health monitoring devices for patients. Keywords: intelligent smart health monitoring, internet of things, ECG sensor, temperature sensor, pulse sensor, review 1. INTRODUCTION Internet of Things (IoT) is now a reliable technological standard and a heavily researched field. Sensors are being used almost everywhere in the present time, from everyday products to industrial monitoring systems. The use of IoT and sensor- based intensive health care systems are increasing rapidly [1]. IoT makes our life smarter, more efficient and easier. Using a smartphone as the data computing platform, the prototype model [2] provides user-friendly voice recognition and alert functionalities. Several life-threatening diseases can be easily monitored by IoT based systems. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a common disease which is the cause behind most of the deaths in the world. At present, with the revolution of information and technology, smartphone-based health monitoring systems are becoming more popular. These systems can be used to collect real-time health information and give feedback to patients and medical specialists [3]. Allowing every single person to examine their health, and advising them to find immediate treatment in case of emergencies, can result in saving that person’s life. The use of these monitoring systems can decrease medical fees for the nation in the long run [4]. Nowadays, due to widespread mobile internet access, the combination of mobile internet with a health service system using android open-source design has become very easy [5]. In recent years, Electrocardiography (ECG) has become an easily accessible service for everyone. By recognizing the small difference in voltage generated by the cardiac muscle, an ECG can properly determine the heart's functionality. Using a smart device, doctors and patients can continuously observe the heart rate and can get important data and take proper steps to prevent severe damages [6]. Heart rate and body temperature are some of the most important traits of the human body which are major contributors to determining a patient's health condition. The number of heart bits per minute is denoted as the heart rate of the patient. It is also referred to as the pulse rate of the body. The normal pulse rate of a healthy adult is 60 to 100 beats per minute. The average human pulse rate is 70 beats per minute for males and 75 beats per minute are for females. Females aged 12 and older have faster heart rates than males [7]. The rate changes with illness, due to damage to body, heart, and exercise. Hence heart rate is essential in determining one's health condition. Diabetes is a very common disease throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are about 422 million people in the world suffering from diabetes and the amount is increasing day by day [8]. Smart health monitoring devices determine the health condition i.e. rate of the pulse, body temperature, respiratory rate, blood glucose rate, the position of the body, ECG, EEG, and other things by using sensors. The sensors are connected and controlled through various microcontroller-based systems such as Arduino, raspberry pi, etc. The microcontroller collects the data using sensors. The collected biomedical data is usually stored in servers [9]. From the stored data, the device can decide whether the patient’s condition is normal or abnormal. This device provides real-time health care observation for doctors and medical assistants where they can use the data anytime. Here the main advantage is that the device has low power consumption, better performance, high sensitivity and easy set up [10]. It is assumed that by 2020 there will be about 26 to 50 billion network-connected devices and 100 billion by 2030 [11]. Raspberry pi is the most common platform for IoT. It is a Linux-based low-cost device. Raspberry Pi and IoT have collectively ushered a new era in the field of healthcare systems. With the combination of sensors such as pulse rate sensor, temperature sensor, accelerometer, and respiration sensor, a Raspberry Pi can be transformed into a mini-clinic. These systems are being used in many parts of the world [12]. Microcontroller units (MCU) are being used as the main Revue d'Intelligence Artificielle Vol. 33, No. 6, December, 2019, pp. 435-440 Journal homepage: http://iieta.org/journals/ria 435