International Diabetes Federation Diabetes care and education training audit for primary care physicians – Results from IDF Diab-CET Kenya study needs assessment survey Belma Malanda 1 , Celia Burgaz 1 , Erick Njenga 2 , Joseph Muga 3 , Kirtida Acharya 4 , Luis Gardete 5 , Manpreet Kaur 1 , Nancy Kunyiha 4 , Pouya Saeedi 1 , Sameer Pathan 1, * , Sue McLaughlin 6 , Xango ˆ Bimont 1 The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, a chronic condition lar- gely preventable, is rapidly increasing. Recent estimates are discouraging; around 463 million or 9.3% of adults (20– 79 years) around the globe live with diabetes [1], around 90% of which is type 2. More than 19 million adults with diabetes are in the Africa Region and this number is projected to rise by 143% by 2045. In Kenya, an East African country, 1.8% of adults (20– 79 years) live with diabetes and the total is projected to increase by 56% by 2045[1]. Worringly, as manyas 60% of Ken- yans with diabetes are unaware of their condition [1]. With limited resources and low prioritisation of diabetes screening, people with diabetes may experience diabetes-related com- plications and co-morbidities before they are diagnosed. This places additional expenditure on an already strained health system. Non-communicable diseases like diabetes are alarm- ing health challenges, even in LMICs like Kenya, and so an upfront diabetes management programme is required to tackle them [2,3]. Although the Kenyan constitution declares health to be a universal right [4], progress towards providing Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has been limited [5,6]. With an esti- mated population of 47.6 million [7], there are about 9121 reg- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108012 0168-8227/Ó 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: sameer.pathan@idf.org (S. Pathan). 1 International Diabetes Federation, Belgium. 2 Consultant Physician/Endocrinologist, Kenya Diabetes Association, Kenya. 3 Sanofi, EAH Division, Nairobi, Kenya. 4 Consultant Physician/Diabetologist, Kenya Diabetes Study Group, Kenya. 5 President of Ernesto Roma Foundation, APDP, Portugal. 6 Nebraska Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Endocrinology Clinics, Omaha and Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. diabetes research and clinical practice 159 (2020) 108012 Contents available at ScienceDirect Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/diabres