EDUCATUM – Journal of Social Science (EJOSS), Vol.6 No.1, 2020 ISSN 2289-9391 / eISSN 2462-2443 (12-21) 12 Perbezaan kualiti hidup penduduk berdasarkan ciri demografi di pusat petempatan kecil: Kajian kes daerah Muallim, Perak, Malaysia Yazid Saleh Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia *e-mail: yazid@fsk.upsi.edu.my Received: 19 August 2019; Accepted: 19 May 2020; Published: 20 May 2020 Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perbezaan kualiti hidup penduduk dalam daerah Muallim dari berdasarkan tiga petunjuk sosial yang berbeza iaitu segi jantina, etnik dan tahap pendidikan. Dengan menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen kajian, sejumlah 500 orang ketua isi rumah dari lima buah pusat petempatan kecil dalam daerah Muallim telah dipilih sebagai responden dengan menggunakan persampelan rawak bertujuan. Pemboleh ubah kualiti hidup penduduk yang dikaji adalah ekonomi, sosial dan alam sekitar. Analisis inferensi ujian-t digunakan bagi menganalisis sama ada terdapat perbezaan kualiti hidup dari segi jantina dan lokasi tempat tinggal penduduk manakala analisis ANOVA digunakan bagi menganalsis sama ada terdapat perbezaan kualiti hidup dari segi etnik dan tahap pendidikan tertinggi dalam setiap pemboleh ubah. Dapatan analisis ujian-t menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan kualiti hidup yang signifikan antara jantina dari segi sosial dan alam sekitar manakala bagi lokasi pula terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi ketiga-tiga pemboleh ubah kajian. Dapatan ANOVA pula menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan kualiti hidup bagi ketiga-tiga pemboleh ubah dari segi etnik dan tahap pendidikan tertinggi bagi ketiga-tiga pemboleh ubah kajian. Secara keseluruhannya dapat dirumuskan bahawa lokasi, etnik dan tahap pendidikan memberi peranan kepada kualiti hidup penduduk di Muallim namun tidak bagi jantina. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa elemen jantina tidak memainkan peranan dalam mempengaruhi kualiti hidup penduduk di sesebuah kawasan. Kata kunci: kualiti hidup, pusat petempatan kecil, sosial, ekonomi, alam sekitar, Muallim Abstract This article aims to examine the difference in the quality of life of the population in Muallim district based on three different social indicators, such as sex, ethnicity and education level. A set of questionnaires was used as a research instrument, and a total of 500 household heads from five small settlement centres in Muallim district were selected as respondents using purposive random sampling. The quality of life variables of the population studied are economic, social and environmental. T-test inference analysis was used to analyze whether there were differences in quality of life based on sex and residence. Meanwhile, ANOVA analysis was used to validate whether there were differences in quality of life in ethnicity and level of education in each variable. The results of t-test analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in quality of life between sex in terms of social and environmental factors. However, for location, there were significant differences among the three variables. The ANOVA results showed that there were differences in quality of life for all three variables in terms of ethnicity and higher education level for all three variables. In sum, it can be concluded that location, ethnicity and education level play a role in the quality of life of Muallim residence, but not the gender. These findings suggest that the gender element did not play a role in influencing the quality of life of a person in that particular area. Keyword: quality of life, small settlement centre, social, economy, environment, Muallim