Molecules 2015, 20, 11090-11102; doi:10.3390/molecules200611090 molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Anthocyanin and Carotenoid Contents in Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) Flower Chang Ha Park 1 , Soo Cheon Chae 2 , Soo-Yun Park 3 , Jae Kwang Kim 4 , Yong Joo Kim 5 , Sun Ok Chung 5 , Mariadhas Valan Arasu 6 , Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi 6, * and Sang Un Park 1,7, * 1 Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; E-Mail: parkch804@gmail.com 2 Department of Horticultural Science, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Daehoe-ri, Yesan-kun, Chungnam 340-720, Korea; E-Mail: scchae@kongju.ac.kr 3 National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 565-851, Korea; E-Mail: psy22@korea.kr 4 Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-772, Korea; E-Mail: kjkpj@inu.ac.kr 5 Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Korea; E-Mails: babina@cnu.ac.kr (Y.J.K.); sochung@cnu.ac.kr (S.O.C.) 6 Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; E-Mail: mvalanarasu@gmail.com 7 Visiting Professor Program (VPP), King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: naldhabi@ksu.edu.sa (N.A.A.-D.); supark@cnu.ac.kr (S.U.P.); Tel.: +966-11-467-5829 (N.A.A.-D.); +82-42-821-6730 (S.U.P.); Fax: +966-11-469-7204 (N.A.A.-D.); +82-42-822-2631 (S.U.P.). Academic Editor: Derek J. McPhee Received: 17 April 2015 / Accepted: 4 June 2015 / Published: 15 June 2015 Abstract: The flowers of twenty-three cultivars of Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. were investigated to determine anthocyanin and carotenoid levels and to confirm the effects of the pigments on the flower colors using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The cultivars contained the anthocyanins cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3g) and cyanidin 3-(3ʺ-malonoyl) glucoside (C3mg) OPEN ACCESS