International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 06 | June 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2265 Motiloscope- A Novel Method and Device to Detect Bacterial Motility using Disk Type Sample Holder Sachin G Lokapure 1 1 SAGLO Research Equipment’s and SAGLO R & D Division, Plot No. 41, Serve No. 104, MIDC Shah Lulla Mahanagar, Trutiya 3rd, Savali, Tal, Miraj, Maharashtra 416410 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - For the detection of bacterial movement a novel device designed which is useful to observe bacterial motility. In this device have a disc type of sample holder in which the bacterial suspension is added and coated with viscous oil i.e. paraffin oil. Then this sample holder is observed in present device between slit, reflecting mirror, and directly scans by objective lens with eyepiece lens. It has shutter arrangement to kept sample in device. The principal use of this apparatus in field of bacteriology is to observe bacterial motility, identification, evaluation and classification of different species of bacteria. Key Words: Motiloscope, paraffin oil and bacterial suspension. 1. INTRODUCTION The ability of organism to move by it self called motility. Motility is closely link with chemotaxis, the ability to orientate along certain chemical gradient. Eukaryotic cell can move by one of the following locomotors organelles such as cilia, flagella or pseudopodia. Prokaryotes move by means of un-usual, propeller-like flagella unique to bacteria or by special fibrils that produce a gliding form of motility. Almost all spiral bacteria and about half of the bacilli are motile, whereas essentially none of the cocci is motile. Motility by means of flagella is of important for the identification of microorganisms, for instance Bacilli are motile except for the anthrax, which is instead capsular, therefore flagella could be produced to enable the organisms to run away from danger and to move from less favorable to more favorable environment. The same is observed with Clostridia, all are motile except Clostridium perfringens, which has a capsule. It has also been suggested that motility is an essential feature in the colonization hence pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori. Flagella are long, slender, and helical and generally, several time the length of the cell. Individual flagella of a single species are uniform in diameter, but the flagella of different bacterial species vary from about 12 nm to 30 nm in diameter. Each flagellum has a very rigid, helical structure and actual motility results from the rotation of the flagellum in a manner similar to that of a boat propeller. Bacteria have shown that when the flagellum is rotating counterclockwise, the bacterium travels in a more or less straight line; but if the direction of flagellar movement is reversed, the organism will tumble aimlessly. [1] When anticlockwise rotation is resumed, the cell moves off in a new direction. This ability is important, since it allows bacteria to change direction. Bacteria can sense nutrient molecules such as sugars or amino acids and move towards them - a process is known as chemotaxis. Additionally, they can also move away from harmful substances such as waste products and in response to temperature, light, gravity, etc. [2, 3] If identification of a bacterium requires detection of the actual number and placement of flagella, special stains or electron microscope preparations are required, as flagella are too minute to be seen in un-stained live preparations with an ordinary light microscope. Often it is sufficient to know simply whether a bacterial species is motile, which helps differentiation between genera and species. The focus of this work is to bring the detection of motility concerning flagellar mode together with some basic novel apparatus is bacterial motility detector and method of their sample preparation. [4] The disadvantage of cavity slide method is fall of drop of bacterial suspension or drop of young fluid culture when they are inverted, wax coating required, short period of observation due to fall of drop of suspension. For these experimentations, more skill required and due to fall of drop of suspension or drop of young fluid culture, the bacterial motility cannot observe. This novel device and their designs overcome these problems. 1.1 Development of novel device and their designs This device comprises different slit row arrangement with lenses, sources as white color LED (light emitting diode), light focusing device as to cut focus light diameter. It passes pin- point or very small diameter of light which, fall on Plano- convex lens of slit and this light is forwarded to another slit. In addition, it comprises slit for sample holder, which is involved with movable track. The two lenses system for observation of bacterial motility comprises objective and eyepiece lenses with knob for sample focusing to objective lens for observation of bacterial motility. The light source comprises LED bulb that connected by insulating wire with on/off switch and variable resistor for controlling intensity of light. The variable resistor comprises carbon composition potentiometer by means of voltage regulator. The power input supply given by adapter of an external AC to 3V DC. An apparatus and its whole parts are made of metal and it has shutter arrangement to keep sample into apparatus.[5] The apparatus for bacterial movement detector shown in following figure 1.