International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 06 | June 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6474 Flow Through a Breach Levee – A review Chirag Parmar 1 , Sudhanshu Dixit 2 , V. M. Patel 3 1 Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India 3 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The dam or dike are structures were held from long times ago to withstand against the overtopping and preserved water in front of the upstream of the dam or dike. It is the first hydraulic structures in history and which use as a tool for development of irrigation engineering. Due to their objectives of preserving water, they exposed to different types of failures like overtopping failure, piping failure, side-slope failure and others. During the overtopping failure, an initial breach channel is initiated inside the levees body and extended downstream to upstream slopes of the dike because of several geotechnical parameters. As a result of breach failure whole reservoir water is transferred from the upstream to downstream parts of dike and thus effect lives and properties. The researchers focusing on understanding the mechanism of the breach channel development and tried to conduct a mathematical equation as well as an experimental test to observe levees failure and new method to prevent or close breach, so that lives and property can be saved from disaster. This paper is review about parameters which influence levees breach and different methodology studied to prevent or close levees breach till now. Key Words: Levees breach, levees closer, overtopping failure, earthen embankment. Channel flow. 1. INTRODUCTION A number of structures such as dams, levees, dikes, and barriers are built along rivers, lakes and sea coast around the world. The levees had been constructed long times ago since the damage of public property and people lives increases during large flooding, when no flood resistance structures like dike, dam etc. are available. All of these structures are very important in flood defence but these structures can sustain only design safety levels and may fails when stress on structures increase beyond design safety level and it may fail due to other many reasons. Several factors such as lack of maintenance and changing geological condition are led to levee failure, many cases are available all over the world for flood damage like Yangtze flood in China 1998, the Elbe flood in Germany 2002, the New Orleans flood in 2005, the Mississippi Flood in 2008, the Pakistan flood 2010 and the Queensland flood in Australia in 2011, M. A. Hassan (2017). The ‘failure’ mean inability to achieve a defined objective. Failure of levee includes deterioration-process such as an overtopping over the levee in large flood and erosion of levee by hydraulic forces, and as a result breach occurs at the end. The main parameter which cause levee failure is geotechnical stability Lee (2019) Fig – 1 Schematic diagram of levee failure Many researcher have studied breaching pattern of levees on different parameters, Roland Faeh (2007) studied discharge through the breach by different processes and different material parameters and compared with experimental as well as field data. Ezzat Elalfy (2008) conducted Laboratory experiments on various inlet discharges and downstream water depth and recorded breach shape using a sliding rods technique. Riahi-Nezhad (2013) performed experiment using 17 th street canal breach as a case study and studied experimentally the hydraulics of steady flow during levees breach. Fujita et al. (1987) presented the process of enlargement of breaches in levees on alluvial plains and also hydraulic characteristics and the