-29- ISSN: 2659-2703 Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 112, 2018: 29-34 doi: 10.29077/bol/112/ce03_diaz Evidencias moleculares de hibridación entre Serinus canaria domestica (L., 1758) y Spinus barbatus (Molina, 1782) (Aves: Fringillidae) Molecular evidences of hybridization between Serinus canaria domestica (L., 1758) and Spinus barbatus (Molina, 1782) (Aves: Fringillidae) Leila Díaz 1 ,Víctor Alejandro Correa 2 & José J. Nuñez 1 1. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567,Valdivia, Chile. 2. Félix de Amesti N° 991, Depto. 502, Las Condes 7580350 Santiago, Chile. ac@alejandrocorrea.cl Recibido: 4 de julio de 2016. Aceptado: 1 de febrero de 2018. Publicado en formato electrónico: 20 de diciembre de 2018. Palabras clave: Serinus, Spinus, Retrocruce, Hibridación,ADN mitocondrial,ADN nu- clear. Key words: Serinus, Spinus, Backcrossing, Hybridization, Mitochondrial DNA, Nu- clear DNA. Resumen En este estudio se muestran evidencias moleculares de éxito en la hibridación entre Se- rinus canaria domestica (linnaeus, 1758) y Spinus barbatus (molina, 1782). Como parte de una secuencia de retrocruzamiento, se logró reproducir híbridos F2 a partir de hembras híbridas fértiles viables F1 x S. c. domestica. La F1 fue la descendencia entre P 0 = Serinus c. domestica x Spi- nus barbatus. Las secuencias de nucleótidos de dos segmentos de ADN, citocromo b mitocon- drial (Cyt b) y el receptor de tirosina quinasa muscular (MuSK) del ADN nuclear se obtuvieron de tres especímenes híbridos F2.Tanto las secuencias de Cyt b como de MuSK señalaron fuerte soporte flogenético a la condición genética híbrida de los tres embriones F2. De esta manera la evidencia molecular refeja el éxito en el cruce interespecífco entre S. barbatus con S. c. domesti- ca y que es posible obtener híbridos fértiles viables F1 (en este caso hembras) y F2 entre estos dos linajes en poblaciones naturales. abstRact In this study we show molecular evidences of success in hybridization between Serinus canaria domestica and Spinus barbatus.As part of a sequence of backcrossing we have achieved to reproduce F2 hybrids of fertile hybrid females F1 with parental S. c. domestica. F1 was the offs- pring between, P 0 = S. c. domestica x S. barbatus. In this study the space where the observations and the breeding success are carried out between these species, they are described: is a room with the following measures; 4,45 m (lenghty) x 1,60 m (width) x 2,30 m (high), located in an urban building; specifcally, glassed-balcony at a height of 10,60 m above ground level, facing some ornamental and exuberant canopy trees of Platanus orientalis (L., 1753) and with direct entrance of natural sunlight, in urban city of Santiago, Chile, where his perceptual world develops. We took care to keep the biotic and abiotic factors under control; specifcally, incoming natural light, ambient vegetation and temperature. On the other hand, we fed the individuals appropriately and provided them with plenty of clean water to drink and get clean, where there were no pre- dators. In sum, the individuals were kept in a healthy environment.The backcrossing between the male S. c. domestica (generation 0) bred with two viable hybrid F1 offspring females, it gave as re- sulted in a total of three independent generations of F2 hybrids (n = 12).All the individuals came out healthy, and none of them died, despite being inbred lineages.Three embryos representative of the F2 hybrids were sacrifced and deposited in 99% alcohol. Nucleotide sequences of two DNA segments, mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) and muscle-specifc receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) gene of the nuclear DNA were obtained from three F2 hybrid specimens. The model of molecular evolution with the greatest adjustment to the data obtained by jModeltest was GTR + I + G (I = 0,1450, G = 0,0930), according to the phylogenetic analysis of mitochon- drial DNA (Fig. 1a), the female progenitor P 0 is S.c.domestica.This conclusion is based on the evi-