https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354320966640
Theory & Psychology
1–20
© The Author(s) 2020
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DOI: 10.1177/0959354320966640
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Husserlian empathy and
embodied simulation
Heath Williams [GQ: 1]
Sun Yat-sen University
Abstract
In this article, I show that Husserl’s account of empathy supports embodied simulation theory.
Both Husserl and embodied simulation accounts of intersubjectivity face the difficulty of
accounting for the relations of similarity and difference between self and other, but there is
ample neurological data available to the simulationist to establish the relations of similarity and
difference, and Husserlian concepts provide a useful interpretive framework for this data. I then
respond to the criticism that the theory of embodied simulation involves imitation and is therefore
indirect and nonperceptual. Yet, some extra process must distinguish perceptual intersubjectivity
from nonsocial perception, and the most direct additional process possible is the interbodily
resonances of the kinaesthetic system endorsed by both simulationists and Husserl. Husserl gives
an account of kinaesthetic sensations amounting to a phenomenological description of embodied
simulation. This article exemplifies phenomenological correlationism whereby cognitive science
and phenomenology serve to enlighten one another.
Keywords
direct social perception, embodied simulation, kinaesthesis, mirror neurons, phenomenology
and cognitive science
an exact web, every line of direction miraculously the same, but the one worsted, the other silk.
—Coleridge, The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Vol. 2 [AQ: 1]
Phenomenology is the first-person study of the structures of conscious experience, whilst
contemporary psychology is the third-person, empirical study of the mind. There is a
long history of interaction between the two ranging from hostility to co-operation. The
relation between cognitive science and phenomenology has been in question since the
early 1980s (Dreyfus & Hall, 1982). More recently, spearheaded by works such as The
Corresponding author:
Heath Williams, Department of Philosophy, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai campus, 1080 Tang Qi Road,
Guangzhou, 510275, China.
Email: heathwilliamsphilosophy@gmail.com
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