International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 07 | July 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2954 Safer Alternatives to Asbestos in Asbestos-Free Brake Pad Manufacturing: A Review Mr. Rahul Verma 1 , Saurabh Rai 2 , Pratyksh Yadav 3 , Rohit Yadav 4 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, U.P., India 2,3,4 B.Tech student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, U.P., India -----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract- At present there are different materials that are well suited and are in use for making the brake pads, the most common being asbestos but there are serious carcinogenic effects associated with asbestos which led to its gradual phase out. With the phasing out of asbestos as automotive friction lining material a need arouse of finding its safer alternatives with the same properties which can be deployed in its place fulfilling the condition of a non- carcinogenic material. This led to onset of research in this field i.e. to find a material having the required properties and that performs the same task. This research gave birth to different composites having different composition and giving the required results. In this review paper different safer alternatives that are environment friendly with their approximate composition are studied which includes agricultural or natural wastes i.e. materials such as banana peels, palm kernel shells, groundnut shell, maize husk, jute, coconut shell etc. Different constituents of composite which includes filler materials, binders like epoxy resin, phenolic resin are also studied and composites are procured by varying the composition of these constituents. Keywords: Automotive brake pads, asbestos, fillers, fibers, binder, phenolic, epoxy etc. 1. INTRODUCTION Braking system plays an important role for any automobile so as to deaccelerate it or stop it completely in case of any emergency. As soon as the driver applies the brakes, there is an engagement between the brake pads and the rotating disc- mounted to the tires of the vehicles. During this engagement there is friction generated between these two i.e. brake pads and the disc by converting kinetic energy into heat energy which slow down the vehicle and eventually the vehicle comes to rest. The brake pad should have properties such as high heat absorbing capacity, ability to withstand high temperature and should have high wear rate also to provide friction the brake pads must have possess high friction coefficient between the surface engagement of the brake pads and the rotating disc. As the surface wear out with use the friction provided by the brake pads should be consistent. Earlier asbestos was used as friction lining material because it possesses all the desired properties as well as it was available very easily i.e. asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral which is found in rocks.(1) But later in 1970s carcinogenic effects of asbestos was realized and it was restricted in certain countries, however it took a longer time to restrict it because of no safer alternative available. After knowing this fact in 1970s research was carried out in this field to come up with a material which is safer and has all the required properties. As of now many new materials are emerging that perfectly fits into this picture of safer alternatives, moreover these materials have an advantage as emerging from agricultural waste. These materials are composites having constituents i.e. fillers, binders, reinforced fiber, frictional additives.(2) In this review paper the role of different constituents and different formulations obtained by varying the composition are studied. The ill effects of asbestos are also explained -to why this went out of picture, despite having the desired properties. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Asbestos being an easily available resource and with all the desired properties, it was a well suited material and thus was utilized for making brake pads, but later in 1970s, its severe effects were realized and hence its used came to hold, it was even banned in several countries including Australia from 31 December 2003. According to the clean air and water association of the United States, amosite and crocidolite was already banned in European countries in 1985.(2) This review paper presents the alternatives that are well suited and can replace asbestos completely. Also the use of agricultural wastes as constituent in framing the brake pad is studied.