International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2586 Optimum Parameters with Minimum Attenuation for Single Mode Light Ray Transmission Mohit Gupta Student M.Sc., Monad University ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Single Mode transmission is an important part in Fiber Optics, which is used for long range transmission with attenuation of 0.4dB between 1310 nm and 1550 nm with a maximum transmission distance of 10km at 10Gigabit. In this paper various parameters for the Single Mode have been optimized for the Original band (O-band) and Conventional band (C-band), these have the wavelength for minimum attenuation. Design parameters such as core thickness, numerical aperture, attenuation, dispersion are studied and calculated. Key Words: Critical angle, acceptance angle, numerical aperture, SIS fiber, GI fiber, LED source, LD source. 1. INTRODUCTION Nowadays the large amount of data traffic required for multimedia applications, increases the demand for a transmission medium with high bandwidth. The large bandwidth, high security, low interference, low attenuation, ease of maintenance, and long life span are features for the fiber optics that enable it to support high data rate services. If we talk about optical fiber, is a physical waveguide that used to transmit electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum. They are used as components in integrated optical circuits, as the transmission medium in long distances for light wave communications, or for biomedical imaging. Fiber Optics can be designed to operate in single-mode or multi-mode depending on the number of lights rays transmitted simultaneously. According to the refractive index distribution, fiber optics can be classified into two types, step index fiber and graded index fiber. Different material can be used in the fabrication of the fiber optics such as glass, polymer, and semiconductors. Use of fiber optics communication is mainly derived by the rapid increase in the demand for large telecommunication capacity and reliable communication systems. Compared to wireless and copper-wired transmission media, fiber optics technology is more efficient in providing the required information capacity. Due to advance in fiber optics technology, a single optical fiber can be used to carry more data over long distances. Various techniques can be used to significantly improve the capacity of optical networks such as wavelength division multiplexing [1]. Signal Processing in the optical domain is more efficient than the electrical domain [2]. Therefore it is desired for future optical systems to have the ability of information processing exclusively in the optical domain. Signal processing includes amplification, multiplexing, switching, and filtering. An example of current type of optical communication system that processes the signal in optical domain is Code Division Multiple Access [3]. Despite the advantages of using optical fiber for communication systems, it is vital to conduct further research to improve fiber optics communication systems, and to address a number of challenges facing it [4]. In this paper the analysis of Single Mode optical fiber is presented and the design parameters are optimized with minimum attenuation. 2. Optical Fiber Structure In the dielectric slab planer waveguide shown in Figure (1), the wave travels primarily in the central layer (core of radius a), which has refractive n1 , this layer is so small often, less than a micrometer that it is referred to as a film, the film is sandwiched between a bottom layer and top layer having indices n2.