International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4415 A Novel Technique and Analysis for Efficient Packet Routing in FANET P.K. Nusrath 1 and Dr. Anil. K. Jacob 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract— Conventional routing protocols which are designed for wired networks generally fail to satisfy the requirements of wireless networks. These facts lead to invention of new routing protocols specifically for operation in wireless sensor networks. Due to the limited resources and dynamics, building efficient and scalable protocols for wireless sensor networks is considered to be a very Challenging task. Many routing protocols have been designed and implemented for this aim. Geographic Routing, which performs routing based on the geographic location of sensors is proposed for large scale and highly dynamic sensor network. In the recent years techno- logical advances on electronics and communication technology, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been evolved. A Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs) is a kind of network that consists of a group of small UAVs connected in ad-hoc manner. Lot of research has been devoted to extend position-based packet routing proposals to three dimensional environments. When flying objects are considered, a mobility model specifically designed for UAVs movement is needed. Index Terms: Mobile MANET, FANET, UAV-Communications, Position-based Routing. 1. INTRODUCTION Mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are autonomous, dis-tributed and self-configuring networks comprised of mobile wireless nodes [1], [2]. This type of networks can poten-tially operate without a fixed infrastructure or centralized administration and this flexibility makes them suitable to a wide range of operational scenarios such as rescue, disaster or hard to reach environments, military, underwater networks etc. The main characteristic of the MANET paradigm, differ- entiating it from traditional wired networks, is the potential of nodes to move around by fol-lowing (un)planned trajec- tories. This makes route discovery and maintenance a very challenging task. Evolution of MANETs have considered vehicles (VANETs - Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) [3], [4] and sensors (WSN - Wireless Sensor Networks) [5], [6]. More recently, the growing capability in the production chain to miniaturize complex electronic systems has produced a wide range of gadgets capable to move and fly autonomously. These devices are commonly referred to as unmanned air- borne vehicles (UAVs, or even micro-aerial vehicles, quad- copters, swinglets, drones, etc.) [7], [8], [9]. The use of UAVs has paved the way to new and innovative application scenarios, introducing a new kind of networking paradigm, named Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) [10], [11], [12]. These net- works differ from traditional MANETs in terms of degree of mobility, connectivity, applications areas etc. In 1 P.K.Nusrath is student of Computer Science and Engineering Depart-ment, Mes College of Engineering, Kuttippuram. 2 Dr.Anil.K.Jacob is faculty of the department Computer Science and Engineering, Mes college of Engineering, Kuttippuram. This respect, a FANET generalizes the topology from a 2D topology to a 3D one with a free movement scheme, due to the capability of drones to move autonomously in a 3D space. A. FANET Characteristics As in MANETs, the FANET architecture is a network without infrastructure, using multiple nodes to transmit data packets. The other characteristics are self-organized abilities, self-managed data in a distributed manner, the nodes com- munications and cooperation that are used to deliver data. FANETs, however, have some specific features as well that makes them differ from MANET and VANET [4]: 1) Network connectivity: FANET network connectivity has higher intermittent degree than in MANETs or VANETs. It is caused by UAVs mobility. The com-munication interruption can be critical when important information (control/command traffic) is transmitted. Moreover, UAV failure may result in connectivity failure with a following routing failure, and subsequent com-munication failure or worse delay. 2) Nodes number: When a UAV with a relatively high velocity is deployed in a specific mission, a restricted mission area can be covered. In this case, a large number of UAVs is not necessary.