RESEARCH ARTICLE
A STUDY ON THEMITIGATION STRATEGIES OF VIOLENCE IN HINDI WOMEN
CINEMA NARRATIVES
*Rashmi Raja V.R. and Dr. Velayutham, C.
Department of Media Sciences, Anna University, Chennai – 600025, India
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Gender scholar Michael Foucault when quoting about Justice says that, “Justice must always question
itself, just as society can exist only by means of the work it does on itself and its institutions. “
(Foucault, 1978) There has been a sudden upsurge in women centric or women oriented films in the
recent past which brings them carrying out positive roles, taking up challenges that reminds the
audience of how strong they are. Hence this study aims to analyse the narratives of chosen women
centric Hindi films and understand how the women characters try to mitigate the social violence they
undergo. The study also touches upon the human rights issue faced by the women characters to
analyse the violence against women and how gender equality is achieved in the narratives. Analysing
the narrative strategies, mapping their character arcs, scrutinizing human rights issues and identify
how violence is being mitigated are the objectives of the study.
Copyright©2017, Rashmi Raja and Dr. Velayutham. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
INTRODUCTION
Cinema in India is more than a hundred-year-old. Reports
suggest that India has a mammoth film industry which
produces as many as 1600 films per year with variety of
narratives within. Yet, it never fails to evolve by the means of
technology, storytelling technique and also by the different
representational strategies given to it where at times, it also
becomes the voice of the voiceless. When the case of gender
discourses is considered, women were always considered as the
weaker sex, more vulnerable, and cannot be independent
throughout in most of the films. Very few films have been
vocal enough to talk about women issues, violence against
women which are generally considered to be minority crisis in
mainstream cinema. Needless to mention about the recent ban
on the film “Lipstick under my Burkha” by the CBFC, India
who had quoted the reason for the ban as “the story is lady
oriented, their fantasy above life” which proves India is still
very far away in terms of gender equality. But the recent trend
shift of Hindi films in terms of representation of women and
their issues should be mapped, which previously showed them
as only “damsels in distress”. The timeperiod after 2010
especially saw many women related cinema if not Women
centric cinema. Examples can be No one killed Jessica (2011),
*Corresponding author: Rashmi Raja V.R.
Department of Media Sciences, Anna University, Chennai – 600025,
India.
English Vinglish (2012), Kahaani (2012), Queen (2014) etc.
This paradigm shift was radical enough to put women into
picture and many women conflicts which were previously
trivialized got represented. This paper, studies the selected
women centric films in order to understand the agenda set by
the society, as the films made are generally societal themes
which are fictionalized.
Review of literature
Andre Bazin who is a renowned and influential French film
critic and theoretician states that “The cinema substitutes for
our gaze a world more in harmony with our desires”(Bazin,
1960). For a world we desire, we tend to add more colours and
drama to it, thus becomes different forms of storytelling which
later evolves into a cinema. On talking about the analysis or the
studying functionality of films, David Bordwell, in his essays
on cinema states that “Film analysts and theoreticians often
seek functional explanations; for e.g.: howx and y work
together at a given moment to create z. The interpretations of
films often include the non-obvious meanings that one can find
in films. But the overall significance of a film is around making
of meanings”. (Bordwell, 2000) Thus the analytical study is
nothing but scrutinizing of the process of meaning making the
films have created within. There have been many feminist film
theorists and scholars who have traced the causes and reasons
for the movie texts to be reiterating on the subordinate image
International Journal of Information Research and Review
Vol. 04, Issue, 09, pp.4477-4480, September, 2017
Article History:
Received 22
nd
June, 2017
Received in revised form
11
th
July, 2017
Accepted 16
th
August, 2017
Published online 27
th
September, 2017
International Journal of Information Research and Review, September, 2017
Keywords:
Women Cinema narratives,
Mitigation strategies, Gender equality,
Character arc, Human rights.