Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews eISSN: 2395-6518, Vol 8, No 3, 2020, pp 1189-1195 https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.83121 1189 |https://giapjournals.com/hssr/index © Nulhaqim et al. CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PROBLEM: AGRARIAN CONFLICT Soni Akhmad Nulhaqim 1* , Muhammad Fedryansyah 2 , Eva Nuriyah Hidayat 3 , Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati 4 1*,2,3 Department of Social Welfare of the Faculty of Social and Political Science of Padjadjaran University, Indonesia; 4 State Islamic Institute of Tulungagung, Indonesia. Email: 1* soni.nulhaqim@unpad.ac.id, 2 m.fedryansyah@unpad.ac.id, 3 en.uriyah@yahoo.co.id, 4 dwiastuti@iain- tulungagung.ac.id Article History: Received on 30 th March 2020, Revised on 24 th May 2020, Published on 22 nd June 2020 Abstract Purpose: Agrarian conflict is the outcome of the land policy that includes problems in land administration and land use. This research aims to analyse the agrarian conflict phenomenon as one of the contemporary social problems in Indonesia by referring to the aspects of agrarian conflict causes, agrarian conflict as a social problem, and impacts and resolutions of agrarian conflict. Methodology: This research adopted a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected by studying literature and previous research. Causes of agrarian conflict included agrarian reform policy that was still blocked by the disorganised land administration, corruption issue, and land control of some groups. Main Findings: That condition shoved various moves to generate resistance, notably people who suffered from the poor agrarian reform policy that resulted in agrarian conflict. The agrarian conflict occurred in several sectors such as plantation, property, infrastructure, agriculture, forestry, marine, and mining. In each sector, agrarian conflict was caused by distinct factors. Agrarian conflict is classified as a social problem since it is undergone by many people; it is an unpleasant situation, and it is a condition demanding a resolution that must be done through collective social action. Impacts of agrarian conflict involved casualties, criminalisation, and job losses, which were suffered by people as the victims of the conflict. Efforts to resolve agrarian conflict generally adopt litigation and non-litigation approaches. The litigation approach is performed in court, while a non-litigation approach is carried out via negotiation, mediation, repressive approach, and community-based approach through the empowerment of local people. Implications: In resolving agrarian conflicts, it is recommended to adopt a non-litigation approach to achieve conflict resolution as a win-win solution and prioritise the parties’ concerns involved in the conflict. One of the non-litigation approaches is known as community-based conflict resolution. Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study is unique as it contributes to the literature by highlighting the conflict and problems aroused in the agrarian society and reforms developed against them. It will also shed light on the agrarian conflict phenomenon as one of the contemporary social problems in Indonesia. Keywords: Social Problem, Agrarian Conflict, Significant Values, Norms & Moral Standards. INTRODUCTION A social problem is a phenomenon that continuously develops either its quantity or quality. The development of social problems is in harmony with the development of society in which the problem appears. This is following Horton & Hunt in Wibhawa (2013) who states, “Social problem is a part of the consequences of social change.” In its development, a social problem might be possibly resolved, while some other problems might disappear. However, some problems that had disappeared will be replaced by other social problems. Besides, in the development of the social problem, it is often found a social problem that is unable to be well resolved. This problem will progress to be a new social problem with distinct form and quality. This shows that every society is inseparable from the social problem. Weinberg in Taftazani (2017) said that social problem is a situation that contradicts to the significant values followed by a group of people, and they have an agreement of actions to change the situation. Based on the definition, the social problem can be understood as a situation that is against values, norms, moral standards, or hopes felt by people, and the social problem needs a resolution since if it is not resolved, it will affect the existence of society. One of the social problems existing in society is conflict. Conflict is a phenomenon that is always embedded in society’s life as an unavoidable reality, and it will constantly occur (Nasikun in MohdSaman, Abdullah, Baba, Shaifuddin&Mokhtar, 2015 ; Nulhaqim, 2017 ). Conflict occurs in the field of individuals or groups in society (Collins, 2019 ; De Dreu,1997; Putra, 2014 ). According to Article 1 section 1 Law No. 7 of 2012 about Social Conflict Handling, it is explained that social conflict is hostility or physical collision between two groups of society or more occurring in a specific period, and resulting in social inconvenience and disintegration; therefore, it affects national stability and impedes national development. Putra (2013) stated that conflict is a process that begins when individuals or groups perceive the difference or opposition between themselves and other individuals or groups about interests and resources, beliefs, values, or other practices. One of the conflicts in society is agrarian conflict. Agrarian conflict is a conflict related to land. In general, the land is the most important asset in society’s life since it is a primary life resource. In the agricultural country, the land is the main resource in the production process; therefore, in Indonesia, right of ownership, right of cultivation, right of use, right of