Civil Engineering and Architecture 8(5): 801-813, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2020.080507
An Alternative Approach in Assessing Visual Comfort
Based on Students' Perceptions in Daylit Classrooms
in the Tropics
Irnawaty Idrus
1,*
, Ramli Rahim
2
, Baharuddin Hamzah
2
, Nurul Jamala
2
1
Doctoral Student of Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
2
Laboratory of Building Science and Technology, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University,
Indonesia
Received July 8, 2020; Revised August 26, 2020; Accepted September 11, 2020
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Irnawaty Idrus, Ramli Rahim, Baharuddin Hamzah, Nurul Jamala , "An Alternative Approach in Assessing
Visual Comfort Based on Students' Perceptions in Daylit Classrooms in the Tropics," Civil Engineering and Architecture,
Vol. 8, No.5, pp. 801 - 813, 2020. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2020.080507.
(b): Irnawaty Idrus, Ramli Rahim, Baharuddin Hamzah, Nurul Jamala (2020). An Alternative Approach in Assessing
Visual Comfort Based on Students' Perceptions in Daylit Classrooms in the Tropics. Civil Engineering and Architecture,
8(5), 801 - 813. DOI: 10.13189/cea.2020.080507.
Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract Daylight is the best lighting source for
classrooms that are mostly used during the daytime.
Effectiveness and productivity can be achieved if visual
comfort meets the recommendations set. This study aims to
develop an alternative visual comfort assessments method
based on students' perceptions in the classroom with
daylight. The study was carried out by collecting students'
perceptions and daylight illuminance data from 25
classrooms located in seven schools in Makassar,
Indonesia. A total of 737 students responded to this study.
This research was conducted from morning to noon in each
school. The results showed that the majority of students, as
many as 57.5%, felt that the level of daylight was
"Perceptible", and only 6.5% felt it was "Intolerable". The
results of daylight intensity measurements of 25 classes
showed that only 28% of classes meet the minimum
standard of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), and as
many as 82% of classes do not meet the standard. Using a
new method based on student perception, it was concluded
that as many as 28% of classes were categorized as
"Acceptable", as many as 48% of classes were categorized
as "Preferred," and around 24% were not included in either
category. This shows that there are classes that are not in
accordance with recommendations, but are still acceptable
according to students' perceptions. This new assessment
method can be an alternative addition for designers to
assess the comfort of a room with daylight by users'
preferences.
Keywords Visual Comfort, Daylight, Classroom,
Students' Perceptions
1. Introduction
Many previous studies have explained that natural
lighting is the best source of light for buildings because it
has many benefits. Natural light helps create a healthy,
comfortable, and productive environment [1, 2]. In
addition, the use of significant natural light in buildings has
the potential to save 15-19% of electricity cost for lighting
[3, 4]. Architecturally, natural light is also useful for
creating dramatic design elements that provide a deep
visual experience [5].
However, natural lighting can only be used optimally if
there is enough sunlight in the area [5]. According to
Baharuddin and Ishak, Makassar city has great potential for
utilizing sunlight [6]. A Research by Rahim et al. showed
that, in June 2010, the value of global illuminance
measured in Makassar reached 142 kilolux [7, 8]. This
could be due to its location in a tropical area. This global