1073 ISSN 1063-7745, Crystallography Reports, 2020, Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 1073–1080. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2020. Study of Medieval Russian Enamel Pendant Using a Complex of Nondestructive Methods E. S. Kovalenko a , M. M. Murashev a , E. K. Stolyarova b , K. M. Podurets a, *, V. P. Glazkov a , N. N. Presnyakova a , P. A. Borisova a , R. D. Svetogorov a , A. A. Gogin a , E. A. Greshnikov a , I. E. Zaytseva c , and E. B. Yatsishina a a National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, 123182 Russia b Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992 Russia c Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117036 Russia *e-mail: Podurets_KM@nrcki.ru Received April 28, 2020; revised June 9, 2020; accepted June 29, 2020 Abstract—A medieval Russian bronze pendant icon with enamel images, dated to the period from the 12th to the first half of the 13th century was studied. The investigation was performed using neutron and synchrotron tomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. The prod- uct was found to have no strips dividing enamels of different colors, whereas strip fragments were revealed deep in the enamel layer. The pendant fabrication technology has been reconstructed. DOI: 10.1134/S106377452006019X INTRODUCTION A bronze icon-pendant decorated with enamel images on both sides (Fig. 1) was found in 2018 in the topsoil of the rural site Semenovskoye-Sovetskoye 3, located 20 km away from Suzdal, during excavations performed by the Suzdal expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IA RAS) under the guidance of N.A. Makarov. The finding dates back to the 12th–the first half of the 13th cen- tury [1]. The pendant has a quadrifoliate shape, being a combination of a square and four leaves at the square sides. The pendant base is metallic; it forms a border along the perimeter of the square and quadrifoil leaves. There are color enamel images in the depres- sions. The square front face contains an image of Christ Emmanuel with a cruciform halo, the letters on which are shown by two points (the point on the upper arm is absent). There are letters IC and XC with titlos on the lateral leaves; the upper and lower leaves contain a geometrical pattern “gorodok,” enclosed with arcs. The reverse square face has an image of St. Nestor of Thessaloniki with a halo. There are the letters “HE” on the upper leave, “CT” on the left leave, “E” on the right leave, and “PЪ” on the lower leave. Heart symbols are obliquely located in the square corners. Both images in the squares are against blue-violet background. This color is also used for the background letters on the pendant reverse side and for the arcs around the gorodok pattern on the front side. The hair of both characters are dark gray (almost black), while the faces and necks are bright gray. The six lines CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC METHODS IN HUMANITARIAN SCIENCES Fig. 1. Pendant photograph and drawing. 1 cm