Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(10): 891-905 891 Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.910.107 RNA Sequencing: A Potent Transcription Profiling Tool Kaiho Kaisa, Harshit Kumar, Manjit Panigrahi, Triveni Dutt and Bharat Bhushan * Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Introduction The transcriptome is comprised of multiple types of the RNA molecule or RNA transcript. RNA molecules are key components of any living cell. RNA molecules play a key role in the physiological response and understanding how these molecules are regulated is extremely crucial to understand the functional genome. The primary goal of RNA research is to understand under a specific condition the nature and quantity of each RNA molecule within a cell or tissue. There are already several development ventures underway on transcriptome instead of just genome and proteome because only 1-2% among the genes are coding and perhaps most transcribed genes were not translated into proteins and are expected to be involved in controlling epigenetic regulation and gene expression (Blignaut, 2012; Shabalina et al., 2004). The detailed profiling of RNA molecules presents the possibility of obtaining insight into the biological behavr of a cell or tissue at any point in time and to relate the knowledge to the phenotypic variation that affects almost every area of biological sciences and is now widely adopted for clinical use (Berger et al., 2010; Costa-Silva International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 10 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com The RNAseq approach is currently commonly used in genome-wide transcription profiling that stimulates biological applications through deep-sequencing technologies. RNAseq offers greater advantages over microarray-based analysis as it provides in-depth and more detailed knowledge on the characterization and quantification of transcriptomes. Although RNAseq still raises problems that need to be solved, there are various advances in innovative approaches and innovations that overcome the challenges that are continuously provided in the modern field of science as an indispensable tool. We are therefore presenting a summary of how RNAseq operates, summarizing its related difficulties and advantages over other methods, and explaining the variety of its applications that has pioneered transcriptome studies and influenced modern genetic science. Keywords RNAseq, transcriptome, Next Generation Sequencing, Gene expression, microarray Accepted: 10 September 2020 Available Online: 10 October 2020 Article Info