International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications ISSN (Online): 2581-6187 35 Silla, Beatus Said, “Violent Extremism in Tanzania: Does the Hard or Soft Measure Security Approaches Wins the Fight Against Violent Extremism?,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 3, Issue 4, pp. 35-36, 2020. Violent Extremism in Tanzania: Does the Hard or Soft Measure Security Approaches Wins the Fight Against Violent Extremism? Silla, Beatus Said Email address: sillabeatus@yahoo.com Abstract— The Violence Extremism (VE) is not a new phenomenon in East Africa and across the globe by and large. However, in the East Africa region came into overt in the Tanzania and Kenya bomb incidence hitting Dar es Salaam and Nairobi Embassies respectively. In responding to the tragedy present the East African States uses various initiatives to curb the same including the Preventive Violence Extremism PVE and Counter Violence Extremism CVE. These two philosophies employ differing methods to tackle the problem at hand in order to preserve their citizens in their region. The given information at hand most of countries do use reactive approach as compared to the proactive measures which normally reduces the number of causalities during confrontation. This paper seek discuss the methodology as to whether the hard part or soft part of fighting the VE will finish the atrocities of the disturbing element within the region. Keywords— Violence Extremism, Community Policing, Hard measure security and Soft measure security. I. INTRODUCTION Sarota (2017) asserted that, “Tanzania has historically been known as a peaceful and stable nation, violent extremism (VE) and radicalization have increasingly become a concern” Sarota, (2017). The VE is diverse term it depends on the geographical location, culture and civilization of the present community (FRS, 2016). With diversities, Tanzania experience VE of pastoralists to farmers, farmers to farmers (land scarcity), pastoralists to pastoralists (grazing land). Consequently, farmers kill their counter parts or pastoralists kill their fellow (Mwambashi, 2015 and Mwasha, 2016). This paper will look into the presence of VE in Tanzania and seek to explain the measures as to whether the hard or soft security measures will win to fight against VE. II. THREAT OF VIOLENCE EXTREMISM VE poses a threat to the world, continent and regional areas where Tanzania is no exception. There are wide spread of the VE across the globe as Styszynski (2015) stated that “….at present, an estimated 20,000 foreign fighters have joined ISIS from various countries across the world, with at least 2,500 from France, Germany, Sweden, Belgium and the United Kingdom”. Tanzania too, experiences the same from the neighbouring countries who are attached from the Al- Shabab group based in Somali. Tanzania as well experience increasing violence guided by home grown groups and overseas combatant Islamists, some of whom are straight connected with Al Qaeda and its national affiliate founded in Somalia, Al Shabab (LeSage, 2014). Considering these threats, the United Republic of Tanzania prepared National Counterterrorism Strategy and Action Plan, establishment of National Counter Terrorism Center (NCTC) and enactment of The Prevention of Terrorism Act, No 19 of 2002 as a means to Preventive/Counter Violent Extremism (P/CVE) in the country. There are two approaches used to deal with VE; hard or soft security measures which in some cases hard security measure fail to P/CVE. III. HARD SECURITY APPROACH Hard-security measures used direct confrontation with the terrorist groups without caring the civilians because combatants take hide in the civilian residence. Over time, this approach calls for Human Rights activist to intervene the operations during Countering Violence Extremism (CVE). CVE do use the missions like The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) as compared to Preventing Violence Extremism (PVE) which this paper will explore. LeSage, (2014) coined that, the armed forces in Tanzania are thought to be feeble, low financed, inadequately organized to make sure that security of the national’s boundaries are safe. The country faces permeable land and sea boundaries; dysfunctional arrangement of law and enforcement, prevalent of organized illegal actions and relative nearness to famous Islamist logistic centers to mention Yemen and the United Arab Emirates. The hard security measure face challenges as some of the security stakeholders are not fully involved in VE fight. IV. SOFT SECURITY APPROACH Conversely, the soft security measures involve all stakeholders in PVE in the community. PVE build on resilience-building procedures and major strategies to decrease state friendly to violent extremism (Sharland, L. et al., 2017). The VE is rampant and localized and therefore the security agencies will not be sufficient to counter and prevent its spread and calls for all security stakeholders’ involvement. So there an inclusive and planned methodology that allows local actors and community-led involvement to tackle VE occurrence is needed. These include, among others, to develop strategies and plans as well as varied set of players, including public health, mental health, or social services providers; parents; researchers; teachers; businesses; and women’s,