IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 19, Issue 11 Ser.8 (November. 2020), PP 53-55 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1911085355 www.iosrjournal.org 53 | Page Literature Review:Relationship between Radiotherapy and Orthodontics Rubén D. Pérez, Jessica Quirarte, Josué Villegas, Daniel Cerrllo, Jorge Paredes-Vieyra Abstract:In Mexico, cancer is the third cause of death and according to estimates by the Union for International Cancer Control, each year more than 128,000 cases of Mexicans are added. Patients who have recovered from cancer, especially during childhood, have an association of dental complications such as caries, dental development abnormalities including agenesis, microdontia, short roots or enamel defects, which can occur in different stages of cancer or once the treatment is completed. In the ages when orthodontic treatment should start, between 5 and 14 years, it is shown that leukemia (26%), tumors of the central nervous system (27.8%) and lymphomas (17%) predominate among cancers. That is why the orthodontist must have communication not only with the patient and his parents but with the entire medical team. Keywords:Cancer Effect・ Radiotherapy ・ Orthodontic Care・ Dentistry ・ Dental Effects -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 08-11-2020 Date of Acceptance: 21-11-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction The American Cancer Association estimates that 10,590 children under the age of 15 in the United States(Ritwik 2018) were diagnosed with cancer in 2018 and in France(Boyer et al. 2017) each year approximately 1,700 children under the age of 15 and 800 adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age are diagnosed with cancer. In Mexico, cancer is the third cause of death and according to estimates by the Union for International Cancer Control, more than 128,000 Mexican cases are added each year, although the International Agency for Research on Cancer raises this figure to 140,000.(SMeO 2016) Patients can take different treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and/or hematopoietic cell transplantation. Likewise, breast cancer is the second cause of cancer-related deaths in both developed and developing countries, due to advances in treatments in recent decades, the minimum 5-year survival rate is 83-90%.(Boyer et al. 2017; Willershausen et al. 2019) Despite the fact that with advances in medicine there are still side effects to these treatments and the orthodontist can resolve some of them. Patients who have recovered from cancer, especially during childhood, have an association of dental complications such as caries, dental development abnormalities including agenesis, microdontia, short roots or enamel defects, which can occur in different stages of cancer or once the treatment is completed.(Busenhart et al. 2018; Çetiner et al. 2019; Gawade et al. 2014; Javed et al. 2010; Ritwik 2018) II. Materials And Methods Studies from the last 10 years (2010 to 2020) were obtained to collect the information using the UABC (Autonomous University of Baja California) metasearch engine administered by EBSCOhost in Spanish or English using the keywords of "chemotherapy and orthodontics or dentistry" and “quimioterapia AND ortodoncia OR odontología”. Once compiled, analysis and writing of the current article began. Pediatric and adolescent patients Treatment at an early age shows to be associated with an increased risk of dental agenesis, xerostomia, microdontia, root changes and enamel hypoplasia.(Gawade et al. 2014; Ritwik 2018) The severity and intensity depend on the age of the patient and the dental stage of development at the time of chemotherapy.(Ritwik 2018)They can present other complications such as mucositis, infections, neurological, bleeding tendency and development of osteonecrosis.(López, Esteve, and Pérez 2011; Willershausen et al. 2019) A Busenhart(Busenhart et al. 2018) meta-analysis collected 741 studies, only 16 were eligible to verify the adverse effects of chemotherapy in the mouth of children, the most common adverse effect showed to be agenesis, then in order was microdontia, premature apical closure, caries, high rates of dentobacterial plaque, enamel hypoplasia, modified root development, dental discoloration, reduced salivary capacity and increased Streptococcus mutans count.