Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews
eISSN: 2395-6518, Vol 8, No 3, 2020, pp 190-199
https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8320
190 |www.hssr.in © Abdallah Ali et al.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TELEVISION
COMMERCIALS IN URBAN AREA IN EGYPT
Mohamed M Ali Abdallah Ali
1
, Adnan Jawabri
2
, Amiruddin Ahamat
3*
1
Human Resource Department, MCM-MENA College of Management, Dubai, UAE;
2
Khawarizmi International
College, Abu Dhabi, UAE;
3*
Centre of Technopreneurship Development (C-TED) and Faculty of Technology
Management and Technopreneurship, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Technology Campus, Ayer Keroh, Melaka,
Malaysia.
Email:
1
dr.mohamed30@gmail.com,
2
Adnan.Tahir@khawarizmi.com,
3*
amiruddin@utem.edu.my
Article History: Received on 13
th
November 2019, Revised on 14
th
April 2020, Published on 14
th
May 2020
Abstract
Purpose: This research examined the effects of television-advertising viewing on the perceived wealth in society and the
materialistic value orientations among adolescents in urban Egypt.
Methodology: A survey on two hundred (200) adolescents aged eleven (11) to seventeen (17) was conducted in 2013.
The urban sub-sample consisted of one hundred (100) respondents studying in Grade 7 and Grade 8 from a secondary
school in Cairo city. The rural sub-sample consisted of one hundred (100) respondents studying in Grade 7 and Grade 8
from two (2) rural secondary schools in Alexandria.
Main Findings: In the survey among urban (Cairo) adolescent respondents, it was found that there were higher
estimates among adolescents whose family-owned five (5) modern-day products namely desktop computers, cameras, air
conditioners and motorcars. This finding is not surprising as urban dwellers have a higher income than rural folks which
translated into the higher purchasing power of buying modern-day products. Urban adolescents’ families owned more
than rural adolescents’ families in terms of modern-day products namely desktop computers, cameras, air-conditioners
and motorcars except for handphones as there was almost no difference in terms of owning handphones for urban or
rural adolescents’ families.
Implications: In addition, marketers are advised to consider placing advertisements on national television in their quest
to reach out and promote their products and services to adolescents living in urban areas, as frequent watching of
advertisements on television by adolescents in urban areas has a positive correlation with greater materialistic value.
Novelty: The importance of this study is that it has managed to present empirical evidence that television advertising has
an influence on materialism and perceived level of wealth among adolescents in urban areas of Egypt.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Television Commercials, Advertising, Adolescents, Urban Area, Egypt.
INTRODUCTION
Apart from having the influence to attract consumer’s attention in buying products or services, advertising is also known
to have social consequences and has received negative reviews and comments ( Pollay & Gallagher, 1990 ). The socio-
economic framework is interconnected whereby it is distinguishable yet indivisible ( Pillai & Ahamat, 2018 ). Television
viewers are exposed to the life of rich and famous Hollywood artists and actors. These millionaire superstars have big
followers. Every day, television audiences across the globe are treated with these unrealistic images such as fancy
clothing, latest gadgets, and beautiful motorcars. Hence, examining the world and people in the same context as profits
in monetary terms can be daunting ( Ahamat, 2017 ). Although the media compromises the immeasurable cost because it
is not directly related to finance but involves so-called opportunity costs, however, it cannot be denied that it is
significant to a certain extent. Examples of losses incurred including student and teacher dropouts, in addition to
mounting social issue cases.
There is an obvious difference in consumption patterns between urban and rural consumers. In rural areas, consumers are
less exposed to the television or the internet, which air the products or services advertisements. Thus, consumers,
especially adolescents or younger consumers who are the main subjects in this study, have less desire compared to the
urban adolescent consumers as their purchasing power is solely due to the influence of advertisement. This research
investigated whether advertising through the medium of television would have a significant effect on adolescents in both
urban and rural areas in Egypt.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Television is known to control our "symbolic environment". McQuail and Windahl (1993) observed that television
was viewed in the production paradigm not just as a window of the world, but perhaps a world in itself. Many
teenagers who reach adulthood in isolated areas might never have been to a metropolis. Younger audiences might be
more reliant on television for facts because of a lower level of experience than other matured viewers (Evra, 1990 ). As
per Chan and Cai (2009) , audiences who viewed more daytime series continued to rank less in expectations of
individualism and other people's trust.