Knowledge produced within the feld of evidence-
based design seeks credible data to support decision-
making in the architectural design process. When
directed towards the design of healthcare settings,
such knowledge can support both the optimisation
of patient healing and the improvement of staff
performance in ways that correlate positively with
patient safety and well-being. Spatial confgurations
that improve co-worker proximity, visibility, and
communication can have a positive infuence on
staff perceptions of work culture, available support,
and workplace safety that, in turn, support the
delivery of patient care.
1
Spatial proximities also
have a direct infuence on the types and frequencies
of socialisation that will take place within spaces
between patients, family members, and staff.
2
This
can support or hinder the formation of social
support networks that can assist patients and family
members to cope with stress, and healthcare
workers to cope with stress and work-related grief.
3
Evidence-based design researchers have also argued
that design can be utilised to improve infection
control, reduce falls, and minimise errors in
medication dispensing.
4
A clear disparity exists,
however, in the quantity of evidence available to
guide the designers of hospital-based palliative care
and hospice facilities relative to general hospitals.
While there are a small handful of international
design guidelines available for palliative care
settings, these are typically created in consultation
with small working groups that usually include
medical practitioners but seldom other end-users.
While guidelines do include references to evidence-
based design research, they typically rely on
research conducted within non-palliative care
settings. In Australia, for example, the Victorian
Department of Health and Human Services’ Hospice
Unit Generic Brief cites just fve references to hospice
design practice and four of these comprised (non-
research based) reviews of recently constructed
hospice buildings.
5
In a similar guideline provided
by the Irish Hospice Foundation, only one from
eighty-four references discussed hospice-specifc
design research.
6
Palliative care, however, provides a
unique design proposition that can be
practice 1
practice
Where guidelines are absent, how can we evaluate healthcare
settings? This article argues for a reconceptualisation of the built
environment’s value as a support for well-being.
Briefing a children’s hospice: bridging
the evidence gap and redefining value
in contemporary healthcare design
Rebecca McLaughlan and Alan Pert
doi: 10.1017/S1359135520000275
arq (2020), Page 1 of 12. © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press.
distinguished from general hospital settings
because the emotional trauma associated with end-
of-life events can exert a longer-term infuence on
the well-being of families and healthcare staff.
7
Evidence-based design, as a feld of research, has
existed for just over two decades.
8
Far from
providing comprehensive guidance, research from
this feld provides a complementary resource for
architects to employ in making and justifying
decisions within the design process.
9
Healthcare
environments have complex functional
requirements, multiple and diverse stakeholders,
and lengthy procurement programmes that
regularly see design solutions outpaced by evolving
technology and increasing service demand. It is not
surprising, therefore, that healthcare providers are
asking for evidence-based design solutions in the
construction of new facilities. But what can a
designer do when the evidence they require simply
isn’t there?
Within this article, we examine a research
process undertaken within the context of a
university-practice partnership to provide a
feasibility study for the future redevelopment of an
eight-bed paediatric hospice in Australia [1]. The
hospice forms an integral part of a larger, regional
organisation that offers in-home support,
counselling services, and respite care. Around three
hundred patients access the hospice on a regular
basis for respite care up to a total of twenty-one days
per annum. In addition to respite care, end-of-life
care is provided to between thirty and forty patients
each year. The organisation commissioned the
feasibility study in recognition of signifcant
changes in the needs of their patient cohort
occurring over the three decades since the hospice
frst opened in 1985. Initially, oncology patients
were over represented within this patient cohort.
Compared with the hospice’s current patient
cohort, oncology patients had a much greater
capacity for mobility and social engagement. Today
the hospice caters to a more diverse patient cohort
many of whom, as a direct result of their illnesses,
live with severe limitations to their movement and
verbal communication. This shift has exposed