Transportation Research Part D 89 (2020) 102633 Available online 14 November 2020 1361-9209/© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Examining the effects of mobility-based air and noise pollution on activity satisfaction Jing Ma a, * , Jingwen Rao a , Mei-Po Kwan b, c , Yanwei Chai d a Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China b Department of Geography and Resource Management, and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China c Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands d College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Environmental pollution Subjective wellbeing Geographic context Multilevel model China ABSTRACT Understanding how mobility-based real-time exposures to environmental pollution infuence activity satisfaction has great potential for improving subjective wellbeing. Using real-time data from Global Positioning System trajectories and portable sensors collected in Beijing, this study investigates whether and how individual’s real-time and perceived exposures to air and noise pollution at a fne spatio-temporal resolution infuence activity satisfaction while controlling for geographic contexts, activity characteristics, socio-demographic attributes, health and life cir- cumstances. The results show that activity satisfaction and air and noise pollution vary greatly in various microenvironments. Perceived air and noise pollution are more signifcant covariates of activity satisfaction than objectively measured pollution, and air pollution has a greater effect than noise pollution on activity satisfaction. These fndings indicate that more granular data should be collected to further examine the relationships among geographic microenvironment, personal exposure and wellbeing, and compact city design is of great potential for improving subjective wellbeing. 1. Introduction With a boom in the economy and urban development, people are now more interested in the quality of life than economic growth (Diener et al., 2002). While objective indicators such as income cannot evaluate all aspects of quality of life, subjective wellbeing (SWB) has attracted increasing attention in the past few decades (Diener and Suh, 1997; Kahneman et al., 1999; Ryan and Deci, 2001). SWB could be defned cognitively as how a person thinks about his or her life, which is usually measured using the indicator of life satisfaction (Diener et al., 1999). Moreover, SWB could also be defned affectively as how a person feels about his or her life, which normally consists of two components, i.e., positive and negative affect for emotional responses (Andrews and Withey, 1976; Diener et al., 1985). While life satisfaction is relatively stable in the long run, activity satisfaction has been used to measure the momentary wellbeing of individuals’ subjective experiences of daily activities, which fuctuates over a short period. As activity satisfaction comprises an essential part of individuals’ daily wellbeing that in turn cumulatively affects their long-term * Corresponding author. E-mail address: majingbnu@163.com (J. Ma). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Transportation Research Part D journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/trd https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102633