First record of Colobosaura modesta (Reinhardt & Lütken 1862) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) in the Cordillera Departments, Paraguay, with a map of geographical distribution. PÉREZ-ESTIGARRIBIA 1 P. E., A. WEILER GUSTAFSON 1 , K. NÚÑEZ 1 , K. AIRALDI 1 , A. CABALLERO 1 , FREDERICK BAUER 1 , A. CAROSINI 1 AND R. AYALA MARTÍNEZ 1 1 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Asunción. E-mail: peperez.estigarribia@gmail.com Abstract New localities are reported for Colobosaura modesta in Paraguay, extending the species range over 300 km. These new reports for the Cordillera Department represent the first record in the Humid Chaco Ecoregion and the highest latitudes reported for the species. A map based on point-occurrence data and potential distribution is provided. keywords Colobosaura modesta, Gymnophthalmidae, Paraguay In early September 2013, we collected two individuals of C. modesta (Figure 1; A, B, C, D, E) during fieldworks corresponding to the project “Las aguas del Lago Ypacarai, análisis a través de bioindicadores”, at the city of San Bernardino, Department of Cordillera (25°19'08''S - 57º17'22.5''O; Figure 3). This report is supported by another specimen (Figure 1, Down) recently collected from the same locality, deposited in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay (MNHNP 11726; collected by André Carvalho, Frederick Bauer, Nicolás Martínez, Viviana Espínola, and identified by Pastor Pérez-Estigarribia). The specimens were collected in San Bernardino in a peridomestic area, like the other specimen cited above (Andre Carvalho pers. comm.). San Bernardino, located on the east margin of the LagoYpacaraí, a natural reservoir (Ritterbusch 1988), is included in the Humid Chaco Ecoregion (Olson et al. 2001). The Ypacaraí basin presents intrusions of Chaco vegetation, mostly altered (Mereles 1993; 2005). Additionally, C. modesta was recently found in another locality in Paraguay, the Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca ( 23°49'02.7'' S - 56°17'22.4'' W; Figure 3), in the San Pedro Department (Para la Tierra 2014, Rodrigo Ayala Martínez and Jean-Paul Brouard pers.comm.). San Bernardino voucher specimens are deposited in the Colección Zoológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (CZ-CEN 0927, 0928), and the San Pedro specimens in the Museo de Historia Natural del Paraguay (MNHNP 11596, 11683, 11652). Collecting permit N° 14/13 wasgranted by the SEAM (Secretaría del Ambiente de Paraguay). The specimens examined differs from other Gymnophthalmids by having longer tail and relatively short limbs pentadactyl, 1st finger reduced, clawless. Lower eyelid with semitransparent, undivided disc. Nasals separated by frontonasal, prefrontals and frontoparietals present, occipitals absent. Interparietal narrower than parietals, followed by 6st to 8th pairs of nuchals. Three pair of chinshield, first two pair wider and longer than third pair, gular region with enlarged median pairs of scales. Dorsals scales elongate-hexagonal, keeled. Ventrals smooth. Dorsal surface of head and back light brown, back with small and irregular dark-brown spots; flanks laterals dark brown. Vertebral white band absent (Figure 1 and 2). Like C. modesta described in Avila-Pires (1995). We provide a point of occurrence map for this species (Figure 3), with the Paraguayan records (Cacciali 2010) previous known locality: triangles, new reported localities: stars) and the Brazilian known distribution points (According to Freire et al. (2012): circles). In addition potential distribution is shown (Figure 2 orange gradient). The potential distribution of C. modesta was estimated using the methodology suggested in Elith et al. (2011), with MaxEnt 3.3.3k (Phillips et al. 2006; Phillips and Dudik 2008), based on 1000 iterations and 100 replicates, with a regularization (tuning) parameter factor equal to one and all other control parameters set as default. Every point of occurrence was used in the model, and nineteen WorldClim bioclimatic predictor variables (Hijmans et al. 2005). The San Bernardino new record is approximately 450 km from the nearest locality of Brazil, Serra da Bodoquena (Vanzolini and Ramos 1977; Uetanabaro et al. 2007) and about 320 km from Parque Nacional Cerro Corá, the only locality previously cited in the literature for Paraguay (Cacciali 2010). Acknowledgments We wish to thank to the Rectorate of the Universidad Nacional de Asunción for financial support. André Carvalho, Rodrigo Ayala Martínez and Jean-Paul Brouard for the comments and information provided. Renato Recoder for taxonomic comments; Noe de la Sancha, Andrea Caballero and Garret Langlois for revision of the manuscript. Colobosaura modesta (Reinhardt & Lütken 1862) is a small lizard, originally thought to occur exclusively in the Cerrado Ecoregion (Vanzolini and Ramos 1977). It is now recognized that the species is distributed throughout most of Brazil (Freire et al. 2012), occurring in the following regions: Atlantic Forest (Vanzolini and Ramos 1977; Araujo and Almeida-Santos 2011), Amazon- Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves (Costa et al. 2010), Caatinga (Borges-Nojosa and Caramaschi 2003; Borges-Nojosa and Cascon 2005; Couto-Ferreira et al. 2011; Freireet al. 2012), Cerrado (Reinhardt and Lütken 1862; Vanzolini and Ramos 1977; Avila-Pires 1995; Pavan and Dixon 2004; Mesquita et al.2005; Nogueira et al. 2005; Recoder and Nogueira 2007; Valdujo et al.2009; Cacciali 2010; Curcio et al. 2011; Recoder et al. 2011; Santo et al. 2011), Marajóvárzea (Freire et al. 2012), Pantanal (Vanzolini and Ramos 1977; Uetanabaro et al. 2007), Tapajós-Xingu moist forests (Freire et al. 2012), Tocantins/Pindare moist forests (Avila-Pires 1995; Avila-Pires et al. 2009), and Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests (Avila-Pires 1995; Hernández-Ruz et al. 2008; Freire et al. 2012). The Reptile Database (Uetz 2013) describes the distribution of this species in Paraguay as uncertain. Peracca (1895) refers to specimens housed in collections from Argentina and Paraguay as Perodactylus modestus; however, according to Cacciali (2010) these citations are most likely to be specimens C. modesta from Paraguay, because C. modesta has not been recorded in Argentina. Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970) mention this species for Paraguay, without specific locality. Cacciali (2010) reviewed the distribution of gymnophthalmid lizards in Paraguay and reported the occurence of C. modesta only in the Cerro Cora National Park (specimens deposited in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay MNHNP 8454-6, 8521), associated with the Cerrado Ecoregion. In Paraguay, Motte et al. (2009) considered the conservation status of this species to be data deficient (DD). Literature Cited Araujo, C.O. and S.M. Almeida-Santos. 2011. Herpetofauna de um remanescente de cerrado no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica11(3): 47-62 (http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bn/v11n3/a03v11n3.pdf). Avila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). ZoologischeVerhandelingen 299(1), 1-706 (http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149074). Avila-Pires, T.C.S., L.J. Vitt, S.S. Sartorius and P.A. Zani. 2009. Squamata (Reptilia) from four sites in southern Amazonia, with a biogeographic analysis of Amazonian lizards. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Naturais 4(2): 99-118 (http://scielo.iec.pa.gov.br/pdf/bmpegcn/v4n2/v4n2a02.pdf). Borges-Nojosa, D.M. and P. Gascon. 2005. Herpetofauna da área da reserva da Serra das Almas, Ceará; pp. 243-258, in: F.S. Araújo, M.J.N. Rodal and M.R.V. Barbosa (ed.). Análise das Variações da Biodiversidade do Bioma Caatinga: suporte a estratégias regionais de conservação. Brasília: Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA) (http://biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/id/51979016.html). Borges-Nojosa, D.M. and U. Caramaschi. 2003. Composição e análise comparativa da diversidade e das afinidades biogeográficas dos lagartos e anfisbenídeos (Squamata) dos Brejos Nordestinos; pp. 489-540, in : I.R. Leal, M. Tabarelli, and J.M.C. Silva (org.). Ecologia e conservação da Caatinga. Recife: Editora Universitária da UFPE (http://www.acaatinga.org.br/fotos/publicacoes/61.pdf). Cacciali, P. 2010. Distribución y afinidades Biogeográficas de la Familia Gymnophthalmidae de Paraguay (Reptilia: Sauria). Reportes Científicos de la FACEN 1(1):10-19 (http://scielo.iics.una.py/pdf/rcfacen/v1n1/v1n1a03.pdf). Costa, J.C.L., P.R. Manzani, M.P.L. Brito and A.O. Maciel. 2010. Tropidurus hispidus (Calango) prey. Herpetological Review 41(1): 87. Couto-Ferreira, D. M.S., M.L.T. Tinôco, H.C. Oliveira, C.P. Browne-Ribeiro, R.M.S. Fazolato, G.S. Barreto and M.A. Dias. 2011. Restinga lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) at the Imbassaí Preserve on the northern coast of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(8): 1990-2000 (http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2011/August/o280026viii111990-2000.pdf). Curcio, F.F., P.M.S. Nunes, M.B. Harvey and M.T. Rodrigues. 2011. Redescription of Apostolepis longicaudata (Serpentes: Xenodontinae) with comments on its hemipenial morphology and natural history. Herpetologica 67(3):318-331 (doi: 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-10-00043.1 ). Freire, E.M., J.J. da Silva and L.B. Ribeiro. 2012. First record of Colobosaura modesta (Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) to the Cariri region, state of Ceará, Brazil, with a map of its geographical. CheckList 8(5): 970–972 (http://www.checklist.org.br/getpdf?NGD067-12). Hernandez-Ruz, J.E., B.E. Mascaranhas and R. Miranda. 2008. Caracterização preliminar da herpetofauna das serras Onça e Puma, sudeste do estado do Pará, Brasil. Boletim do Laboratório de Hidrobiologia 21(1):25-30 (http://www.periodicoseletronicos.ufma.br/index.php/blabohidro/article/view/1893). Hijmans, R.J., S.E. Cameron, J.L. Parra, P.G. Jones and A. Jarvis. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25(15): 1965- 1978 (doi: 10.1002/joc.1276 ). Mereles, F. 1993. Humedales y Bosques Inundados. Rojasiana 1(1):21-32 Mereles, F. 2005. Aportes al conocimiento y las comunidades vegetales en la cuenca del lago Ypoá, región Oriental, Paraguay. Insugeo, Serie Correlación Geológica 14:159-168 (http://insugeo.org.ar/libros/misc_14/13.htm). Mesquita, D.O., G.R. Colli, F.G.R. França, and L.J. Vitt. 2006. Ecology of a cerrado lizard assemblage in the Jalapão region of Brazil. Copeia 2006(3): 460-471 (doi: 10.1643/0045- 8511(2006)2006[460:EOACLA]2.0.CO;2 ). Nogueira, C., P.H. Valdujoand F.G.R. França. 2005. Habitat variation and lizard diversity in a Cerrado area of Central Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 40(2): 105-112 (doi: 10.1080/01650520500129901 ). Olson, D.M., E. Dinerstein, E.D. Wikramanayake, N.D. Burgess, G.V.N. Powell, E.C. Underwood, J.A. D'Amico, I. Itoua, H.E. Strand, J.C. Morrison, C.J. Loucks, T.F. Allnutt, T.H. Ricketts, Y. Kura, J.F. Lamoreux, W.W. Wettengel, P. Hedao, and K.R. Kassem. 2001. Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth. BioScience 51(11):933-938 (doi: 10.1641/0006- 3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 ). Para La Tierra (Jean-Paul Brouard, Paul Smith). 2014. Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro, PARAGUAY. Lizards, Amphisbaenids and Blind Snakes of Laguna Blanca. Rapid Color Guides # 567 1 accesible at http://fm2.fmnh.org/plantguides/guideimages.asp?ID=653 Pavan, D., and M. Dixo. 2004. A herpetofauna da área de influência do reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Palmas, TO. Humanitas 4(6): 13-30. Peracca, M.G. 1895.Viaggio del Dr. Borelli nella Rep. Argentina en el Paraguay. Rettili e anfibi. Bollettino dei Museidi Zoologia e Anatomia Comparat della R. Universitadi Torino 10(195): 1-32 (https://archive.org/details/bollettinodeimus1904univ). Peters, J.A. and R. Donoso-Barros. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part II. Lizards and amphisbaenians. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 297(2): 1-293 (https://archive.org/details/catalogueofneotr21970pete). Recoder, R. and C. Nogueira. 2007. Composição e diversidade de répteisSquamata na região sul do Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica 7(3): 267-278 (http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v7n3/es/fullpaper?bn01107032007+pt). Recoder, R.S., M. Teixeira Junior, A. Camacho, P.M.S Nunes, T. Mott, P.H. Valdujo, J.M. Ghellere, C. Nogueira and M.T. Rodrigues. 2011. Répteis da Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins, Brasil Central. Biota Neotropica 11(1): 263-282 (http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1/es/fullpaper?bn03611012011+pt). Reinhardt, J. and C. Lütken. 1862. Bidrag til Kundskab om Brasiliens Padderog Krybdyr. Videnskabelige Meddelelserfra den Naturhistoriske Foreningi Kjöbenhavn 1861(1015): 143-242. Ritterbusch, B. 1988. Estudio Limnológico del Lago Ypacarai. Revista de la Asociación de Ciencias Naturales del Litoral 19(1):11-26 (http://www.geologiadelparaguay.com/Estudio-Limnologico- del-Lago-Ypacarai.pdf). Santo, M.M., R.W. Ávila and R.A. Kawshita-Ribeiro. 2011. Checklist of the amphibians and reptiles in Nobres municipality, Mato Grosso state, central Brazil. Herpetology Notes 4: 455-461 (http://www.herpetologynotes.seh-herpetology.org/Volume4_PDFs/Meireles_et_al_Herpetology_Notes_volume4_pages455-461.pdf). Uetanabaro, M., F.L. Souza, P. L. Filho, A.F. Bedaand R.A. Brandão. 2007. Anfíbios e répteis do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 7(3): 279-289 (doi: 10.1590/S1676-06032007000300030 ). Uetz, P. &JiríHošek(eds.). 2013. The ReptileDatabase, Version 2013. Electronic Database accessible at http://www.reptile-database.org. Captured on 11 July 2014. Valdujo, P.H.C. Nogueira, L. Baumgarten, F.H.G. Rodrigues, R.A. Brandão, A. Eterovic, M.B. Ramos-Neto and O.A.V. Marques. 2009. Squamate Reptiles from Parque Nacional das Emas and surroundings, Cerrado of Central Brazil. Check List 5(3): 405-417 (http://www.checklist.org.br/getpdf?SL001-09). Vanzolini, P.E. and A.M.M. Ramos. 1977. A new species of Colobodactylus, with notes on the distribution of a group stranded microteiid lizard (Sauria, Teiidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 31(3): 19-47. Figure 1: C. modesta (A ♀CZ-CEN 0927; B ♂ CZ-CEN 0928). C: lateral, D: ventral and E: dorsal views cephalic scale. San Bernardino, Dto. Cordillera, Paraguay. Down, (MNHNP 11726). Photograph: Andre Carvalho. Figure2: Geographic distribution of C. modesta, black circles. Paraguay: Co = Cordillera, SP = San Pedro, Am = Amambay. Brasil: Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, São Paulo, Tocantins (Freire et al. 2012). Gradient orange represent the potential distribution obtained with MaxEnt 3.3.3k. Darker colors indicate greater likelihood of occurrence of this species.