IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 19, Issue 12 Ser.3 (December. 2020), PP 35-42 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1912033542 www.iosrjournal.org 35 | Page Effect of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus duration on Pulmonary functions in rural population Dr. Sudhir G.K 1 .Mr. Adnan Nayazi 2 , Dr. Malini M 3 . 1 (Professor & Head, Department of Physiology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences B.G. Nagara-571448, Nagamangala, Karnataka, India). 2 ( Undergraduatestudent,Department of Physiology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences B.G.Nagara-571448, Nagamangala, Karnataka, India) 3 ( Assistant Professor,Department of Physiology,Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G.Nagara-571448, Nagamangala, Karnataka, India) Abstract: Background & Objectives: Like other organs, lung is also affected in diabetes mellitus due to the presence of extensive microvasculature and abundant connective tissue. (6,7) Early detection of pulmonary changes in diabetic patients through routine Pulmonary function testing(PFT) check-up may help in planning strategies to delay the progression of cardio-respiratory complications. The objective of this study was to compare the PFT parameters FVC, FEV 1 & PEFR recorded in the study participants with the duration of diabetes mellitus, as early as the time of its diagnosis and observe the pattern of its change with increase in its duration. Methods: 60 male patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus with duration of illness ranging from less than 5 years to more than 10 years, visiting the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital were recruited for the study. PFT parameters FVC, FEV 1 & PEFR and blood glucose parameters FBG & PPBG were recorded in these subjects. One way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation was used to compare the means & standard deviations of FBG, PPBG, PFT with the duration of illness. Results: FVC and FEV 1 showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) with increasing duration of diabetes mellitus. FEV 1 /FVC showed no significant difference between the three groups. FBG & PPBG showed no significant relation with FEV 1 & FVC. Conclusion: The decreasing trend in FEV 1 & FVC and unaltered FEV 1 /FVC & PEFR with increase in duration of illness, indicates a predominantly restrictive pattern of pulmonary function among patients with diabetes mellitus. The study concludes that pulmonary complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus sets in as early as the time of its diagnosis and is of the restrictive type. Key words: Pulmonary function testing, FEV1, FVC, PEFR, diabetes mellitus duration, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 25-11-2020 Date of Acceptance: 09-12-2020 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. (1) Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic non-communicable disease has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In the year 2000, India topped the world (31.7 million) with highest number of people with diabetes mellitus. Currently it is gaining a potential epidemic status with more than 62 million individuals diagnosed with the disease. (2,3). The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians is the highest prevalence in the world and Type 2 diabetes comprises 90% of people with diabetes in the world. (4) Damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs have been implicated as the long-term effects and complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Microangiopathic and macroangiopathic changesare implicated in causing the major morbidities in Type 2 diabetes mellitus which include retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy and peripheral neuropathy. (5) Like other organs, lung is also affected in diabetes mellitus due to the presence of extensive microvasculature and abundant connective tissue. Chronic hyperglycemia results in thickening of basal lamina in pulmonary capillaries and also non-enzymatic glycosylation of skeletal muscle and connective tissue leading to decrease in the diffusion capacity and lung compliance. (6,7) Though diabetes is strongly associated with systemic cardiovascular disease, the relationship with pulmonary vascular disease has often been disregarded owing to the subclinical nature of its effects. However, such changes may become clinically important as the patients subsequently develop chronic restrictive and obstructive pulmonary functional pathologies. (8 - 11)