COLLABORATIVE CREATION OF AUTHENTIC
EXAMPLES WITH LOCATION FOR U-LEARNING
Yen-Hung Kuo
Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
Qing Tan, Kinshuk
School of Computing & Information Systems, Athabasca University, Canada
Yueh-Min Huang
Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
Tzu-Chien Liu
Graduate Institute of Learning and Instruction, National Central University, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
Maiga Chang
School of Computing & Information Systems, Athabasca University, Canada
ABSTRACT
Giving examples to students or letting students give examples is important in ordinary instruction. However, it is difficult
for teacher to provide work-out examples to students since the proper examples are depending on the contexts and
varying with students’ life experiences and knowledge. In order to deal with the limitation of ordinary classroom, the
study develops a collaborative example-creation platform for students to generate, explain and share their own examples
of learning concept by mobile devices. Additionally, the sources of the generated examples are derived from real world,
that is, every example is authentic example and presents a specific instance of the theoretical concept. Through the
creation and share of authentic examples, students can not only elaborate their existing concepts but also construct their
concepts from single or multiple work-out examples. Except for the collaborative creation platform, we have also
implemented a Learner Agent residing in students’ cell phones for assisting students to create authentic examples. With
the agent, a created authentic example is attached with its location information, which indicates where the authentic
example happened, and other students can learn something form the example with location information or go to the
location to experience the example if they are interested in that. It can help the students easily understand the learning
concept.
KEYWORDS
Authentic example, Collaborative creation, Learner agent, Location awareness, Mobile learning.
1. INTRODUCTION
Based on the objectivism, it is important for instructors to provide examples to students in order to explain
new concepts of curricula. Through the examples, students could understand the concepts by connecting with
their previous experiences. On the other hand, as per constructivist approach, it is essential to let students
raise appropriate positive or negative examples for demonstrating their understanding of a concept. In the
manner, students will not only be assisted in conceptual understanding but will also help instructors assess
their learning process.
Example could be formed in many shapes, which depend on the different applicative contexts. In 1979,
Kant proposed two discernible uses of example. The first is theoretical, an example is a particular of matter
of logic which under a broader concept. The second is practical, that is, the example plays a particular
instance of a practical rule (Lovlie, 1997). When we put the example in learning context, the example would
profit students by either objective or constructive manner(s). In objectivism, for example, Reder and
ISBN: 978-972-8924-58-4 © 2008 IADIS
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