242 REVIEW OF URBANIZATION MODELS AND ITS IMPLICATION TO REDUCE URBAN POVERTY *Teguh Widodo 1 and Indang Dewata 2 1 Demographic Researcher at BKKBN’s West Sumatra Province, Indonesia 2 Associate professor of Environmental Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia *Corresponding Author, Received: Sep 20. 2020, Revised: Oct 17, 2020, Accepted: Nov 16. 2020 ABSTRACT: Urbanization in nature has two meanings. Firstly, it means migrating people from rural to urban. Second, it means transforming rural area to urban area. Those meanings have two implications for the population as well. The people who migrate from rural to the urban area tend to make the change voluntarily. They want to change their life better than when they lived in rural. On the other hand, the villagers forced by the situation being too urban tend to be apathetic and they are very difficult to adapt and to change so that they are finally forced to change. This paper aims to explain how urbanization happened in Indonesia and its implication on urban poverty. This study depends on investigating literature and media review. We argue that voluntarily urbanization may lead to the new formation of the urban periphery. This will bring economic and social consequences such as land acquisition, job opportunity and urban poverty. Further, the study indicated that under voluntary urbanization, social and economic pressure were more likely to attach to the indigenous community compared to forced urbanization. The study showed that programs on poverty alleviation need to consider the nature of urbanization. Finally, this paper suggests conducting an empirical study related to urban poverty caused by two types of urbanization. Keywords: Urban Poverty, Voluntarily Urbanization, Forced Urbanization 1. INTRODUCTION There is a serial film broadcasted on private television. The title is "Si Doel Anak Sekolahan". It tells about Betawi ethnic living in Jakarta. Previously, most of them were landowners. At the time, they were villagers. They have had a land field as farmers. Jakarta as the capital of Indonesia needs land to build offices, settlements, companies, etc. The condition had made a demand on the land very high. Land price has been overestimating. It made the villagers interested in selling their land. Then, they had bought the cheaper one located in the suburbs of Jakarta such as Bekasi, Jatibening, Tangerang, Bogor and Depok. Most of them changed the profession from farmer or livestock to trades or services. Unfortunately, it didn’t make their life better even contrary. They were forced to sell their land to fulfil the needs because their income was not adequate anymore with the current profession income. On the other hand, the people who are aware of their competence then they move to the city as immigrants, they will struggle to survive such as the film "Bulan di Atas Kuburan". This film tells about Bataknesse who move from villages, located in North Sumatera, to Jakarta because they were motivated by his friend pretended to succeed in there. They were ready in any condition even the worst. Above two films are fictions but sometimes, they occur in the real world. These phenomena are truly happened such as in Indonesia. These lead to many implications such as on those two films. The first tells about villagers forced to be urban (forced urbanization). Second, villagers want to move from rural to urban (Voluntary urbanization). The films showed the pattern of urbanization. Researchers such as (Hugo, n.d.) says that Indonesia is one of the states that its citizen like to do urbanization, even some ethnics admitted that urbanization is a culture. This paper aims to analyze those patterns. Furthermore, the paper discusses the policy implications for urban poverty alleviation. This paper is divided into five parts. The part after introduction explores literature review relating to behavioural implication to urbanization as a processing rural to be urban and urbanization as a mobilizing people to urban. Part three discusses the method. Result and discussion are showed in part four. After policy implications, we provided a conclusion. Urbanization, at least, is understood in two ways. First, according to [1] urbanization as a process represents the increase in the proportion of people living either in a town or city. Second, urbanization as a process reflects transformations in the national economy with growing numbers of people moving Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, December, 2020, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 242-248 DISASTER, GEOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/Sjdgge ISSN : 2580 - 4030 ( Print ) 2580 - 1775 ( Online), Indonesia