i Jo urna l o f Info rma tio n Wa rfa re Vo lume 8, Issue 3 C o nte nts Editorial – W. Hutchinson iii Authors iv Conferences Papers vi The Future Roles of Electronic Warfare in the Information Warfare Spectrum B.van Niekerk, M. Maharaj 1 An Emergent Security Risk: Critical Infrastructures and Information Warfare G. Pye, M.J. Warren 14 Cyber Terrorism Awareness Within New Zealand Critical Infrastructure A.C. Watt, L. J. Janczewski 27 Use of a Secure Portable Application Device as a Component of Network Centric Operations P. James 39 Developing an Academic Curriculum in Information Operations: The First Steps C.D. Schou, J. Ryan, L. Armistead 47 Position Paper NATO’s Security Operations in Electronic Warfare: The Policy of Cyber Defence and the Alliance’s New Strategic Concept M.P. Efthymiopoulos 61