This paper has been designed by the Dr. Muhammad Asim as a research project under Pak-Iran Intellectuals Forum (Bhakkar and Qom) during August-November 2020. Moreover, statistical measurements have also taken from the PhD thesis of Dr. Muhammad Asim entitled “Political Economy of Ethno-National Movements in the Post-Soviet Eurasian Region and Its Impacts on Iranian Azerbaijan Region” that have been submitted in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur during the session 2014-2017. 1 Promotion of Structural Functionalism and Cosmopolitanism against Ethnic Dilemma Since Reshaping Iran-Turkmenistan Economic Relations by Railway Connectivity Dr. Muhammad Asim Assistant Professor of Political Science, Government College Fateh Jang (Pakistan) Vice-President Pak-Iran Intellectuals Forum asimsheikh62@yahoo.com Abstract Structural functionalism is a social approach to trace out the complex society where all segments work together regarding promoting solidarity and stability. Likewise, cosmopolitanism means a society where people from distinct cultures, ethnicities and religious backgrounds not only live together but interact with each other too. This study aims to highlight that any state and the society can experience both; structural functionalism and cosmopolitanism only when it establishes economic relations with its counterpart. As Iran and Turkmenistan are neighboring states while, Iranian Turkmens (staying at borderland) had dream to get regional autonomy on ethnic bases within Iran (under federal state structure) or amalgamation of Iranian Turkmen- populated region with Turkmenistan. Study proves that railway connectivity between both states regarding trade and cooperation (in different sectors) not only undermined ethnic dilemma at Iran-Turkmenistan border but it has been promoted structural functionalism and cosmopolitanism in major Turkmen-populated cities of Golestan Province, North Khorasan Province and Razavi Khorasan Province in Northeastern Iran. Keywords: Turkmen Sahra, Tejen, Serakhs, Mashhad, Karakum Desert, Turkmenabat- Kerki Railway Introduction Emile Durkheim once raised a question that how certain societies maintain their joint survival as well as internal stability as a time. In fact, he was discussing a segmented environment where