CASE REPORT Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease and hypertension: Clinical and pathological correlation Peshang Abdulhannan a , Jens Stahlschmidt b , Ramnath Subramaniam a, * a Department of Paediatric Urology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK b Department of Pathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK Received 9 September 2010; accepted 31 March 2011 Available online 27 April 2011 KEYWORDS Multicystic; Dysplastic; Kidney; Hypertension Abstract We report on a child with hypertension secondary to MCDK who underwent an elec- tive retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy and is normotensive on follow up. We looked at the pathological correlation with respect to the hypertension caused by a non-functioning kidney. ª 2011 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is one of the most common prenatally detected renal abnormalities and the risk of hypertension in MCDK (5.4 per 1000 children) is similar to the general population [1]. Case report A 2-month-old girl with prenatally diagnosed right MCDK was managed for hypertension (systolic blood pressure persistently reading above 110 mmHg) and treated with atenolol. Ultrasound and DMSA scans confirmed a normal func- tioning left kidney that measured 6.8 cm and a small 3-cm non-functioning right kidney with some evidence of cortex and containing two prominent 12-mm cysts (Fig. 1). Therefore, an elective right retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy was performed and atenolol was stopped. Five years on, she is normotensive. The surgically removed kidney weighed 6.5 g (expected weight for age: approximately 19 g) [2], and had the appearance of a nondescript cystic mass measuring 32 Â 25 Â 15 mm with no ureter. The cut surface of the biopsy revealed numerous thin-walled cysts with a smooth inner lining, ranging from 1 to 11 mm, compressing the pyelocalyceal system with slightly spongier tissue towards the hilum (Fig. 2). Histology confirmed cystic renal dysplasia with secondary scarring. Discussion It is generally accepted that MCDK is characterized by non-functioning renal tissue on DMSA scan which is disor- ganized and dysplastic in structure, with different sized * Corresponding author. E-mail address: Surgram@btinternet.com (R. Subramaniam). Journal of Pediatric Urology (2011) 7, 566e568 1477-5131/$36 ª 2011 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2011.03.019