IJSRST196664 | Received 01 Dec 2019 | Accepted : 20 Dec 2019 | November-December-2019 [ 6 (6) : 296-305 ]
© 2019 IJSRST | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X
Themed Section: Science and Technology
DOI : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST196664
296
Determination of Arsenic, Chromium and Lead in titanium dioxide pigments
by ICP- OES with Concomitant Metals Analyser
Beena Sunilkumar*, S. B. Singh
Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Department of Atomic Energy, Government of
India Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
*Corresponding author: - beena.amd@gov.in
ABSTRACT
A simple method has been developed for the determination of trace toxic elements like arsenic, lead and
chromium in titanium dioxide pigment samples by ICP OES attached with a Concomitant Metals Analyser.
Open mineral acid decomposition was used for sample dissolution employing a mixture of nitric and
hydrofluoric acids. The continuous online generation of hydrides into the plasma was achieved through a
concomitant metals analyser. The recovery of arsenic, lead and chromium and the matrix effects of titanium on
these elements have been studied with spiking experiments. The proposed method has been successfully
applied to the determination of arsenic and other elements in titanium pigment samples. The continuous
hydride generating system, Concomitant Metals Analyser (CMA) improved the sensitivity of analysis nearly
five times in pigment samples. The precision of the measurements was found to be less than 10% RSD.
Keywords : Titanium pigment, CMA-ICP OES, Arsenic, Chromium, Lead
I. INTRODUCTION
Titanium dioxide plays an important role in many
fields of modern industry. It is mainly used as a white
pigment in paint industry. The pigments finds use in
paint industry owing to its colour, finish, protect the
surface from corrosion and weathering as well as
helping to hold the paint together [1]. Besides the use
in paint industry, titanium dioxide is also used in food
industry, medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics, textile
industry, in ceramics, tooth pastes and other various
fields in modern technology due to its brilliant
whiteness and resistance to colour change. The metal
impurities in TiO2 like As, Cr, Pb, Fe, V, Zr and Cu
affect its properties by changing the colour, electrical
properties, increasing the toxicity etc. Due to the
wide use of titanium dioxide pigment in different
industries, it is very essential to determine the trace
toxic elements like lead, chromium, arsenic,
antimony etc. in pigments.
Lead (Pb) is routinely determined toxic element in
paints due to its critical environmental toxicity
especially to children and all the countries have been
taking steps to phase out the lead from paints [2].
There were many standard test methods reported in
literature for the determination of Pb in paints and
pigments by wet chemical methods [3]. Arsenic is also
toxic and carcinogenic and the toxicity depends on
the chemical speciation and oxidation state of As.
Studies reported earlier revealed that the trivalent
arsenic is about 60 times more toxic than the
pentavalent state. The sulfhydryl groups present in
human body react with arsenite, whereas arsenate
does not react with it [4-5]. The toxicity of As
increases in the order of arsenobetane, arsenosugar,