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International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
Print ISSN: 2395-6011 | Online ISSN: 2395-602X (www.ijsrst.com)
doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST207514
148
Fungitoxic effect of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss,
Ocimum gratissimum and Benlate in the control of Post harvest Fungal diseases of
Solanum melongena Linn (Egg plant).
CHIEJINA, NNEKA V., GAMBARI, UTHMAN OLATUNJI BOLA
Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
Corresponding Author : E-mail: u.gambari@gmail.com
Article Info
Volume 7, Issue 5
Page Number: 148-157
Publication Issue :
September-October-2020
Article History
Accepted : 20 Sep 2020
Published : 27 Sep 2020
ABSTRACT
Fungitoxic properties of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta
indica, Ocimum gratissimum and benlate were used in vitro for the control of
post-harvest fungal diseases of Solanum melongena, caused by Aspergillus
niger, Rhizoctonia solani and Mucor ramosissimus. Pathogenicity test
confirmed them as the causal organisms of the fruit rots. The three pathogens
were treated with both ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of the two plants at
concentrations ranging from 25 to 100% and benlate at concentrations between
2.5 and 10.0%. Various concentrations were added to prepared Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA) media. The pathogens were inoculated separately into the PDA
media and were incubated for eight days. Fungitoxic effects of these extracts on
the mycelial growth of the pathogens were significant at P≤0.05 for all
treatments. The pathogens were completely inhibited at 100% concentration of
both extracts and at 10% concentration of benlate. With respect to ethanolic
extract; O.gratissimum was more efficient than A. indica but not with aqueous
extract.
Keywords : Fungitoxic,Azadirachita indica, Ocimum gratissimum,Benlate,
Pathogens
I. INTRODUCTION
Garden egg (Solanum melongena Linn) of the family
Solanaceae (Obeng-Ofori et al., 2007) is a kind of fruit
that is very important for man; as food, supplying
some major nutrients, and as a source of bioactive
ingredients militating against some diseases like
diabetes mellitus and liver problems. It is also used for
many other purposes among which are to achieve
weight control within a short period, eliminate
unnecessary salts in maintaining proper functioning
of the heart, reduce the sugar content level in
diabetics because of its low calorie and high fibre
contents and reduce blood cholesterol (Aliyu, 2006).
However, the damage caused by pests and microbes
often constitute a great impediment to biomass
productivity of this plant. It is for example susceptible
to fungal diseases caused by Phytophthora nicotianea,
var. parasitica and if the fruit touches the ground,
Corticium rolfsii will cause an infection (Obeng-Ofori
et al., 2007). Some pathogens that infect egg plant
fruits at various stages of development and
particularly after harvest include the genera such as