Ruíz-Cancino, E. y J. M. Coronado-Blanco (Coordinadores). 2012 Recursos Naturales 265 HIMENÓPTEROS PARASITOIDES COMO PROSPECTOS DE CONTROL BIOLÓGICO EN MÉXICO PARASITOID HYMENOPTERA AS PROSPECTS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN MEXICO Enrique Ruíz-Cancino, Juana María Coronado-Blanco y Svetlana Nikolaevna Myartseva. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, 87149 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. eruiz@uat.edu.mx Abstract The amount of parasitoid wasps species commercially reared in Mexico is very small (16): Anagyrus kamali Moursi, Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius ervi Haliday, Dacnusa sibirica Telenga, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Ashmead, Diglyphus isaea (Walker), Dirhinus giffardi Silvestri, Encarsia formosa Gahan, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerovich, Habrobracon sp., Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Spalangia endius Walker, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston), Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley; other four species (Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin), Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem, Phymastichus coffeae La Salle and Prorops nasuta Waterston) are reared in institutional laboratories for experiments. In this chapter 32 species more are proposed as natural enemies of pests with some studies about diverse aspects of their biology, population fluctuation, geographical distribution, behavior, laboratory rearing and/or mass rearing because they deserve to be considered for biological control of some agricultural, stored grains, fruit crops, vegetables and cattle pests. More federal and state support is necessary for researchers and graduate students working in the knowledge of the biology, ecology and development of techniques in order to get a better biological control programs in Mexico.