DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14600 CASE REPORT Open surgical correction of multiple bronchial artery aneurysms Jef Van den Eynde BSc 1 | Arian Arjomandi Rad 2,3 | Ilya Karasov 4 | Arkady Airapetyan 4 | Michel Pompeu Barros Oliveira Sá MD, MSc, PhD 5 | Jerry Easo MD, PhD 6 | Konstantin Zhigalov MD, PhD 7 | Alexander Weymann MD, PhD, FECTS, FESC 7 | Bakytbek K. Kadyraliev MD, PhD 8 1 Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 2 Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK 4 Faculty of Medicine, E.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia 5 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil 6 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center Essen Huttrop, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany 7 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Hospital of Essen, University Duiburg‐Essen, Essen, Germany 8 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, S.G. Sukhanov Federal Centre of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perm, Russia Correspondence Jef Van den Eynde, BSc, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Email: jef.vandeneynde@student.kuleuven.be Abstract Background: Bronchial artery aneurysms (BAAs) are a rare vascular entity. They can have various presentations ranging from an incidental finding on radiological ex- amination to life‐threatening hemoptysis. Material and Methods: We report the case of a 60‐year‐old woman with three posterior mediastinal BAAs who presented with unilateral periscapular pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, and dysphagia. The BAAs were removed success- fully via thoracotomy, with excellent recovery and relief of the periscapular pain. Discussion and Conclusion: We use this case as a platform to discuss the treatment options for BAAs. KEYWORDS bronchial artery aneurysm, cardiovascular pathology, surgical repair, thoracotomy 1 | INTRODUCTION Bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) is an extremely rare presentation consisting of enlargement of bronchial arteries with potentially fatal hemorrhagic consequences. 1 The first reported case of bronchial an- eurysm goes back to 1930 in a patient with syphilis. 2,3 Incidence in patients undergoing selective bronchial angiography is estimated as fewer than 1%. 4 Classification of these aneurysms is based on their location, being either mediastinal or intrapulmonary. 5 While the first presentation might result from an incidental finding on radiological examination, the rupture of the aneurysm can lead to a mediastinal hemorrhage, being potentially fatal for the patient. Moreover, the condition can often mimic acute aortic syndromes (such as aortic dissection) and is often associated with pulmonary agenesis, chronic lung inflammation, bronchiectasis, and vascular pathology. 6,7 The literature reports several cases of endovascular treatment for J Card Surg. 2020;1–3. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jocs © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | 1 Jef Van den Eynde, Arian Arjomandi Rad, Ilya Karasov, and Arkady Airapetyan contributed equally.