Please cite this article in press as: Janjua QM, et al. Evidence of male hypogonadism at an early age as a familial risk of type 2 diabetes. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.10.005 ARTICLE IN PRESS +Model ANDO-795; No. of Pages 6 Disponible en ligne sur ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com Annales d’Endocrinologie xxx (2015) xxx–xxx Original article Evidence of male hypogonadism at an early age as a familial risk of type 2 diabetes Hypogonadisme masculin précoce et risque familial de diabète de type 2 Qasim M. Janjua a , Adeela Shahid b , Rabail Alam c , Marvi Rizwan d , Sadia Saeed c,1 , Mahmood H. Qazi c , Muhammad Arslan c,e,∗ a Department of Physiology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan b Department of Physiology, Shalamar Medical College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan c Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan d SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA e Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54000, Pakistan Abstract Objective. – Previous investigations provide evidence of an association of hypogonadism with type 2 diabetes in men, and low testosterone levels have been regarded a risk factor for the disease. Since a strong genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes has been demonstrated, here we investigate a possible tendency towards hypogonadism in young male offspring of diabetic parents. Material and methods. – The study compares 32 male offspring of diabetic parents with 31 male offspring of nondiabetic parents matched by age. The subjects comprised boys (9–17 years) and young adults (19–25 years). Anthropomorphic measurements were made in all subjects. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose and serum concentrations of testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin and leptin were measured by ELISA. Free testosterone (FT) was calculated using T and SHBG levels. Results. – Serum T, FT and bioavailable T (BAT) levels in offspring of diabetic parents were significantly lower than those of offspring of nondiabetic parents across all age groups. Mean serum LH levels were also lower in offspring of diabetic parents compared to the controls. Although LH levels in young adults with diabetic parents, tended to be lower than those of age-matched controls but the difference was not statistically significant. Serum insulin and leptin, and insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR were significantly raised in older offspring of diabetic parents but were within the normal range. Conclusion. – Whereas hypogonadism was the only indicator of a possible predisposition to metabolic dysfunction in peripubertal children of diabetic parents, a significant change in other metabolic markers becomes apparent at a more advanced age. © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Keywords: Testosterone; Luteinizing hormone; SHBG; Insulin resistance; Leptin Résumé Objectif. – Des études antérieures ont apporté la preuve d’une association entre hypogonadisme et diabète de type 2 chez les hommes tandis que de faibles niveaux de testostérone étaient considérés un facteur de risque pour la maladie. Depuis, une forte prédisposition génétique au diabète de type 2 a été démontrée. Dans cet article, nous étudions la prédisposition possible à l’hypogonadisme chez les jeunes descendants mâles de parents diabétiques. Matériel et méthodes. – L’étude compare 32 mâles issus des parents diabétiques avec 31 mâles issus de parents non diabétiques appariés pour l’âge. Les populations d’étude comprenaient de jeunes garc ¸ons (9–17 ans) et de jeunes adultes (19–25 ans). Des mesures anthropomorphiques ont été faites chez tous les sujets. Des échantillons de sang prélevés à jeun ont été analysés pour le glucose et le taux sérique testostérone (T) ; la SHBG, l’hormone lutéinisante (LH), l’insuline et la leptine ont été mesurées par Elisa. La testostérone libre (FT) a été calculée en utilisant les taux de testostérone et de SHBG. Résultats. – Les taux de testostérone, de testostérone libre et de testostérone biodisponibles dans la population mâle issue de parents diabétiques étaient significativement inférieurs à ceux d’enfants mâles de parents non diabétiques dans tous les groupes d’âge. Les taux moyens sériques de LH étaient également plus faibles chez les descendants des parents diabétiques par rapport aux ∗ Corresponding author. Department of Biological sciences, Armacost Building, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan. E-mail addresses: muhammadarslan@fccollege.edu.pk, arslan m2000@yahoo.com (M. Arslan). 1 Present address: Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.10.005 0003-4266/© 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.