Research Article
Pectin from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Has Potential as a
Drug Release Modifier in Matrix Tablets
Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi ,
1
Frederick William Akuffo Owusu ,
1
Philomena Entsie ,
2
Jacob Kwaku Agbenorhevi ,
3
Ben Kwaku Branoh Banful ,
4
and Marcel Tunkumgnen Bayor
1
1
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
2
Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
4
Department of Horticulture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMariamElBoakye-Gyasi;melboakye-gyasi.pharm@knust.edu.gh
Received 8 October 2020; Revised 21 December 2020; Accepted 30 December 2020; Published 18 January 2021
AcademicEditor:NirmalKumarSarkar
Copyright © 2021 Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Natural polymers have become attractive to pharmaceutical researchers and manufacturers as excipients because of the ad-
vantagestheypossessrelativetotheirsemisyntheticandsyntheticcounterparts.Althoughpectinfromsomenaturalsourceshas
beeninvestigatedforuseinthepharmaceuticalindustryasexcipients,pectinfromokra,whichisreadilyavailableandusedasfood
inmanypartsoftheworld,hasnotbeenextensivelyinvestigatedasapotentialcontrol-releasingagentintablets.isstudythus
seekstodeterminethedrugreleasemodifyingpropertiesofokrapectinfrom6differentgenotypesofokracultivatedandavailable
in Ghana. Pectin was extracted from different genotypes of okra, physicochemical properties were characterized, and control
releasematrixtabletsofmetformin(F1–F6)wereformulatedusingthewetgranulationmethodwiththeokrapectinasthedrug
releasemodifier,respectively.edrugcontent, invitro drugrelease,andmathematicalkineticmodelingofdrugreleasefromthe
matrixtabletswerestudied.Drugreleaseprofilesofformulatedmatrixtabletswerecomparedtoanexisting(innovator)brandof
metforminsustained-releasetabletonthemarketusingthesimilarityanddifferencefactors,respectively.eextractedpectinhad
percentageyieldsrangingfrom6to20%w/wwithswellingindexesandwater-holdingcapacitiesbetween300–500%and9-10mL/
g, respectively, and pH within 6.20–6.90. All the formulated batches passed the drug content test (90–105%) and produced the
optimal release of metformin (>80%) after 24 hours. Different batches of formulated tablets exhibited different mechanisms of
drugreleasewithbatchesF1,F2,F5,andF6beingsimilar(f
2
valuesbeing >50and f
1
values <15)totheinnovatorbrand.Pectin
fromthe6differentgenotypesofokrastudiedhasthepotentialforuseasdrugreleasemodifiersinpharmaceuticalmanufacturing
of control release matrix tablets and production of more affordable medicines.
1. Introduction
Control release matrix tablets are designed to achieve a
prolonged effect by continuously releasing the active
pharmaceuticalingredient(API)overalongperiodoftime.
is prolonged release effect is provided by an integral
excipientofthematrixtabletknownasthereleasemodifier
[1–3]. Many synthetic polymers are available for use as
release modifiers in the manufacture of controlled-release
tablets. However, currently, pharmaceutical scientists are
extensively investigating natural polymers as potential and
reliable sources of release modifiers in controlled release
tablets due to their myriad of advantages such as biode-
gradability,biocompatibility,lowcost,lowtoxicity,andeasy
accessibility over synthetic and semisynthetic polymers
[4–6]. Several studies have reported the potential of gum
from different plants as promising release modifiers in the
formulation of controlled release tablets [7, 8]. However,
Hindawi
e Scientific World Journal
Volume 2021, Article ID 6672277, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6672277